Gastroenterology — Flashcards

Flashcard 621: _____ is a fungal infection characterized by hypopigmented or hyperpigmented macules on the trunk.

Answer: Tinea versicolor

Extra: Caused by Malassezia species. KOH prep shows 'spaghetti and meatballs' appearance (hyphae and yeast cells). https://onlinemeded.org/spa/dermatology/hypopigmentation/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 622: What cancer presents with **jaundice** and **FOBT (+)** with a negative colonoscopy? _____

Answer: Ampullary cancer

Extra: Ampullary cancer (cancer of the Ampulla of Vater) often presents with the triad of obstructive jaundice, occult gastrointestinal bleeding (FOBT+), and anemia. The negative colonoscopy points toward a source in the upper GI tract or duodenum.

Flashcard 623: Which bacteria is characteristically associated with osteomyelitis in sickle cell patients?\n_____ species

Answer: Salmonella

Extra: Salmonella is the characteristically associated organism for osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease due to functional asplenia and microinfarctions in the bowel allowing for seeding. However, *S. aureus* remains the most common cause overall.

Flashcard 624: Suspected acute megacolon and cecal dilation to <12 cm may be treated with _____

Answer: NG tube and rectal tube insertion

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 625: Patients with urinary frequency, nocturia, and hesitancy should undergo a(n) _____ to evaluate for hematuria (bladder cancer, stones) and infection

Answer: urinalysis

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki 

Flashcard 626: _____ is associated with risk of autosplenectomy

Answer: Sickle cell disease

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics?ref=anki 

Flashcard 627: Inflammation of subcutaneous fat → painful, erythematous nodules on the shins is suggestive of _____

Answer: erythema nodosum

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 628: Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth = _____ ↓ D-xylose urine levels

Answer: reversible

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/malabsorption/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 629: Because of splenomegaly, patients with mononucleosis (EBV) are advised to avoid contact sports (e.g. football) for danger of splenic _____

Answer: rupture

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 630: Management of a _____ includes antibiotics (e.g., clindamycin); surgery is indicated if medical management fails.

Answer: lung abscess