Gastroenterology — Flashcards

Flashcard 531: What is the likely cause of hypocalcemia in a patient who has steatorrhea? _____

Answer: Vitamin D deficiency

Flashcard 532: Why is the risk of UTIs increased with BPH? _____

Answer: Periurethral prostatic enlargement impinges the urethra and prevents complete evacuation of the bladder

Flashcard 533: What is a worrisome sequelae of pseudotumor cerebri if left untreated? _____

Answer: Blindness

Flashcard 534: Streptococcus bovis and Clostridia septicum are associated with _____

Answer: colon cancer

Flashcard 535: What is the treatment of choice for severe hypovolemic hypernatremia? _____ until euvolemic, then _____

Answer: 0.9% saline (isotonic)

Flashcard 536: HIV patients with Candida esophagitis more commonly present with _____

Answer: odynophagia

Extra: Odynophagia (painful swallowing) is the clinical hallmark and the most common presenting symptom of infectious esophagitis (Candida, CMV, HSV). Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) may also occur.

Flashcard 537: What is the screening interval for **colonoscopy** in average-risk patients? Every _____

Answer: 10 years

Extra: Screening starts at age **45** (recently lowered from 50) and continues until age 75. **Standard Options for Average-Risk Patients:** - **Colonoscopy** every 10 years (Gold standard) - **FIT** (Fecal Immunochemical Test) or **gFOBT** annually - **FIT-DNA** (Cologuard) every 1 or 3 years - **CT colonography** every 5 years - **Flexible sigmoidoscopy** every 5 years (or every 10 years if combined with annual FIT)

Flashcard 538: Kidney stone < 5 mm is managed with _____ Kidney stone 6-10 mm is managed with _____ Kidney stone > 10 mm is managed with _____

Answer: conservative (oral fluids/analgesia)

Flashcard 539: High A1c and normal fasting glucose = _____

Answer: postprandial hyperglycemia

Flashcard 540: Ingested chemical is managed with _____ and _____

Answer: EGD