Gastroenterology — Flashcards

Flashcard 401: Giardia (parasite) commonly presents with bloating, _____ and foul-smelling _____

Answer: flatulence

Extra: common in rural areas and developing countries

Flashcard 402: _____ osteoporosis is due to lack of estrogen and release of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-1)

Answer: Type 1 'postmenopausal'

Extra: - six times more common in women - may lead to a vertebral compression fracture - man is more likely to have type 2 ‚Äòsenile osteoporosis

Flashcard 403: Premenopausal woman presents with dyspareunia, UTI, dry vaginal mucosa and past medical history of chronic dry eyes/mouth: _____

Answer: Sjögren's syndrome

Flashcard 404: Periodic Fever Syndromes can be treated with _____

Answer: Canakinumab

Flashcard 405: One consequence of autosplenectomy in sickle cell disease is increased risk of _____ due to Salmonella species infection

Answer: osteomyelitis

Extra: Sickle cell disease leads to functional asplenia (autosplenectomy), which increases susceptibility to encapsulated organisms and Salmonella species. Salmonella is a common cause of osteomyelitis in sickle cell patients, likely due to a combination of functional asplenia and gut mucosal micro-infarcts allowing for translocation.

Flashcard 406: Hereditary angioedema presents in childhood with recurrent episodes of swelling _____ urticaria

Answer: without

Flashcard 407: Tertiary adrenal insufficiency is seen in patients with chronic exogenous _____ use, precipitated by _____

Answer: steroid

Extra: * aldosterone synthesis is unaffected

Flashcard 408: Chronic _____ consumption may cause vitamin B12 deficiency

Answer: alcohol

Extra: elevated methylmalonic acid level is more sensitive in detecting B12 deficiency than serum vitamin levels alone 

Flashcard 409: What is the most common cause of death in MEN1? _____

Answer: Pancreatic tumors

Flashcard 410: Treatment of iron deficiency anemia involves supplemental _____

Answer: iron (ferrous sulfate)

Extra: Other: