Gastroenterology — Flashcards

Flashcard 161: Proximal renal tubular acidosis may be caused by _____ inhibitors, aminoglycosides, and lead

Answer: carbonic anhydrase

Flashcard 162: Temporary lactase deficiency may be seen after small bowel _____

Answer: infection (e.g. viral enteritis)

Flashcard 163: Cardiogenic shock, septic shock, and hypovolemia may cause _____ due to to poor perfusion of the colon

Answer: acute colonic ischemia (Ischemic colitis)

Flashcard 164: What country consumes a large amount of smoked meats in their diet, resulting high rates of intestinal gastric cancer? _____

Answer: Japan

Flashcard 165: What is the likely diagnosis in a 40-pack year smoker with symptomatic hypercalcemia (>14 mg/dL) with polyuria, constipation, nausea and low PTH? _____

Answer: Malignancy (Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy)

Extra: Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) is typically caused by PTHrP secretion. Classic associated cancers include squamous cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and breast cancer. Note: Small cell lung cancer is associated with Lambert-Eaton, ACTH, and ADH (SIADH) secretion, not PTHrP.

Flashcard 166: Chronic diarrhea (metabolic acidosis) may precipitate _____ kidney stones due to increased H+ excretion

Answer: uric acid

Flashcard 167: What non-specific antibodies may be associated with Sjögren's syndrome? _____

Answer: Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and rheumatoid factor

Extra: * serum ANA has a sensitivity of 80% and RF is positive in 90% of cases Atlas:

Flashcard 168: A(n) negative monospot test with symptoms of infectious mononucleosis suggests _____ infection

Answer: CMV

Extra: Atlas:

Flashcard 169: Kidney stones may be treated and prevented by encouraging _____ intake

Answer: fluid

Flashcard 170: Bilateral urinary tract obstruction may present with _____ serum BUN and creatinine levels

Answer: increased