Arrhythmias — Flashcards

Flashcard 371: What type of white blood cell may be elevated in primary adrenal insufficiency? _____

Answer: Eosinophils

Extra: Cortisol normally promotes the apoptosis of eosinophils and their sequestration in the bone marrow. In primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease), low cortisol levels lead to peripheral eosinophilia. Lymphocytosis may also be observed.

Flashcard 372: Who gets meningitis from Listeria?\n(1) _____\n(2) _____\n(3) _____

Answer: Neonates

Extra: Listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive motile rod that is an intracellular pathogen. Because it lives inside cells, cell-mediated immunity (T-cells) is required to clear it, making the very young, very old, and immunocompromised particularly susceptible.

Flashcard 373: What CSF analysis finding is useful for diagnosis of multiple sclerosis? _____

Answer: Oligoclonal bands of IgG

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/weakness/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 374: All patients with cognitive impairment must be evaluated for _____, as this is a treatable and reversible condition

Answer: hypothyroidism

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/dementia/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 375: _____ degree AV block is characterized by a PR interval > 200 msec on ECG

Answer: 1st

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 376: ECG: regular and narrow complex tachycardia with rate > 150 Clinical: brief episodes of palpitations, dizziness, chest pain, dyspnea, syncope _____

Answer: Supraventricular tachycardia

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 377: What is the initial treatment of choice for a patient with ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia? _____

Answer: Immediate defibrillation (unsynchronized)

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki 

Flashcard 378: What is the normal range of Hematologic: Reticulocyte count?

Answer: From 0.5 to 1.5 %

Flashcard 379: A 23-year-old man is hospitalized following a motor vehicle accident. Several days later, he develops intense thirst and polyuria. Laboratory findings show increased plasma osmolarity and hypernatremia. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer: Central Diabetes Insipidus (DI) In the context of head trauma (MVA), damage to the hypothalamus or posterior pituitary leads to a deficiency in Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH). This results in an inability to reabsorb water in the collecting ducts, leading to high plasma osmolarity and excessive loss of free water.

Extra: A Darrow-Yannet diagram for Diabetes Insipidus (pure water loss) shows: 1. Increased osmolarity in both ECF and ICF. 2. Decreased volume in both ECF and ICF (as water shifts from ICF to ECF to compensate for the high ECF osmolarity).

Flashcard 380: Destroyed muscle cells in Rhabdomyolysis release large amounts of _____, causing arrhythmias

Answer: potassium