Screening guidelines — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: With respect to TB, what does a positive PPD indicate?

Answer: current infection, past exposure, BCG vaccinated

Flashcard 2: lead-time bias

Answer: early detection confused with increased survival (e.g. cancer screening)

Flashcard 3: sensitivity (epidemiology)

Answer: The probability that a test detects disease when disease is present.

Extra: Sens = TP/(TP+FN)

Flashcard 4: specificity (test parameter)

Answer: The probability that a test indicates non-disease when disease is absent.

Extra: Spec = TN/(TN+FP)

Flashcard 5: One use of Mammography as a screening tool is to detect invasive carcinoma before it becomes _____

Answer: clinically palpable

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 6: What is the diagnostic cutoff for the 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test for a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus? _____

Answer: ≥ 200 mg/dL

Extra:   Watch Diabetes Mellitus Pathogenesis & Acute Clinical Manifestations [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-diabetes-diabetes-mellitus-pathogenesis-and-acute-clinical-manifestations?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/outpatient-diabetes/acquire?ref=anki  

Flashcard 7: One limitation of pap smears is _____ of transformation zone resulting in false negative screening

Answer: inadequate sampling

Extra:   Watch Cervical Neoplasia [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-uterine-and-vulvovaginal-disorders-cervical-neoplasia?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/female-reproductive-system?index=13] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/cervical-cancer/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 8: Which glucose test is the preferred screening method for gestational diabetes / CF-diabetes? _____

Answer: 2 hour oral glucose test

Extra:  Watch Diabetes Mellitus Pathogenesis & Acute Clinical Manifestations [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-diabetes-diabetes-mellitus-pathogenesis-and-acute-clinical-manifestations?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Gestational Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-restrictive-lung-disease-restrictive-lung-disease-overview?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine/diabetes/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 9: Levels of Prostate Specific Antigen and Digital Rectal Exam are used as screening tools to detect Prostate Carcinoma before it _____

Answer: spreads

Extra:  Watch Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) & Prostate Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-male-gu-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-bph-and-prostate-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 10: What test is used to screen for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria? _____

Answer: Sucrose test

Extra:  Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/normocytic-anemia?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Other: 

Flashcard 11: _____ and RPR are the typical screening tests used for diagnosing Secondary Treponema pallidum

Answer: VDRL

Extra:   Watch Treponema pallidum [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-spirochetes-treponema-pallidum?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/genital-ulcers/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 12: Screening for prostatic adenocarcinoma begins at 50 with _____ and _____

Answer: digital rectal exam

Extra:   Watch Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) & Prostate Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-male-gu-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-bph-and-prostate-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal/prostate/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 13: One positive screening test for Cushing syndrome is an increased free _____ on 24-hour urinalysis

Answer: cortisol

Extra:   Watch Cushings Syndrome [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-internal-medicine-endocrinology-adrenal-disease-cushing-syndrome-soap?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 14: Thyroid nodules >1 cm with high risk sonographic features (ultrasound) should undergo _____

Answer: fine-needle aspiration (FNA)

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid-nodules/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 15: Routine testing for toxoplasmosis is recommended if patient has cats _____

Answer: F

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/prenatal-infections-2/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 16: Blood in the stool may be result in a positive stool _____ test

Answer: guaiac

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 17: What is the best screening test for primary hyperaldosteronism? _____

Answer: Aldosterone to renin ratio

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/adrenals/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 18: All thyroid nodules > 2 cm should be evaluated with _____

Answer: fine-needle aspiration (FNA)

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid-nodules/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 19: CT scans are not the primary screening tool for early detection of HCC in patients with cirrhosis _____

Answer: T

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 20: _____ and _____ are the typical screening tests used for diagnosing secondary Treponema pallidum

Answer: VDRL

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/genital-ulcers/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 21: What imaging test is used to evaluate bright red blood per rectum in a patient > 50 years old or < 50 years old with risk factors for CRC? _____

Answer: Colonoscopy

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/peptic-ulcer/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 22: Interpretations of the PPD skin test for TB? - Positive for everyone → _____ - Homeless, prison, healthcare → _____ - Immunosuppressed, close contacts → _____

Answer: >15 mm

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/tb/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 23: (+) FOBT → _____

Answer: colonoscopy

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki  

Flashcard 24: Screening for cervical trauma = _____

Answer: X-ray

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki 

Flashcard 25: What is the best screening test for DIC? _____

Answer: Elevated D-dimer

Flashcard 26: What is the diagnostic cutoff for the 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test for a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus?_____

Answer: > 200 mg/dL

Flashcard 27: What *used to be* the rule out test for HIV?_____

Answer: ELISA

Flashcard 28: Which glucose test is preferred for general use?_____

Answer: Fasting glucose

Flashcard 29: One use of Mammography as a screening tool is to detect invasive carcinoma before it becomes _____

Answer: clinically palpable

Flashcard 30: Most notably, the serum tumor marker _____ is elevated in Prostate Cancer

Answer: PSA

Flashcard 31: Cervicitis is detected by pelvic examination and _____

Answer: NAAT

Flashcard 32: A decreased % of which form of PSA is suggestive of prostatic adenocarcinoma? _____

Answer: Free-PSA (cancer makes bound-PSA)

Flashcard 33: Anemia is defined as Hb < _____ g/dL in females of childbearing age

Answer: 12.5

Flashcard 34: Latent tuberculosis infections result in a positive _____ skin test

Answer: purified protein derivative (PPD+)

Flashcard 35: Down syndrome may present with _____ nuchal translucency on ultrasound

Answer: increased

Flashcard 36: What test is used to screen for infectious mononucleosis? _____

Answer: Monospot test

Flashcard 37: Levels of Prostate Specific Antigen and Digital Rectal Exam are used as screening tools to detect Prostate Carcinoma before it _____

Answer: spreads

Flashcard 38: One positive screening test for Cushing syndrome is an increased midnight _____ cortisol

Answer: salivary

Flashcard 39: One positive screening test for Cushing syndrome is an increased free _____ on 24-hour urinalysis

Answer: cortisol

Flashcard 40: Down syndrome presents with _____ free -fetoprotein (AFP)

Answer: decreased

Flashcard 41: Which glucose test is the preferred screening method for gestational diabetes / CF-diabetes?_____

Answer: 2 hour oral glucose test

Flashcard 42: What test is used to screen for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria? _____

Answer: Sucrose test