Differential diagnosis US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Differential diagnosis with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Differential diagnosis Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 21: What is the underlying mechanism and characteristic clinical presentation of Guillain-Barre syndrome?
Answer: Autoimmune demyelination of peripheral nerves.
Extra: - Pathophysiology: Destruction of Schwann cells by molecular mimicry after infection (C. jejuni, CMV, EBV).
- Presentation: Acute onset of symmetric ascending muscle weakness/paralysis, autonomic dysfunction.
- Diagnosis: CSF shows albuminocytologic dissociation (increased protein with normal cell count).
- Treatment: IV Ig or plasmapheresis, respiratory support.
Flashcard 22: resting tremor
Answer: vibratory tremor at rest; alleviated by intentional movement
Flashcard 23: What is the primary cause of peripheral vertigo?
Answer: Inner ear problem (BPPV, vestibular neuritis, Meniere's disease)
Extra: Positional testing (Dix-Hallpike): Delayed onset, fatigable nystagmus (usually horizontal/torsional). No other CNS signs.
Flashcard 24: central vertigo
Answer: brain stem or cerebellar lesion
Extra: Dizziness, diplopia, dysmetria, skew deviation.
Positional testing: immediate nystagmus in any direction; may change direction.
Flashcard 25: dysarthria
Answer: speech deficit due to motor problem
Flashcard 26: Clinical features and acute treatment of Cluster Headache?
Answer: Excruciating unilateral periorbital headache; repetitive attacks 15 min-3 hr duration; associated with lacrimation and rhinorrhea. Treatment: 100% O2, sumatriptan.
Extra: Clinical features: Autonomic symptoms (ptosis, miosis, lacrimation, rhinorrhea). Prophylaxis: Verapamil.
Flashcard 27: Clinical features of Tension Headache
Answer: Steady bilateral headache; >30 min duration (typically 4-6 hours)
Extra: Tension-type headaches are typically non-pulsatile, band-like, and lack associated features like nausea or photophobia (unlike migraine). Treatment: NSAIDs, Acetaminophen; Prophylaxis: TCAs (Amitriptyline).
Flashcard 28: Clinical features of trigeminal neuralgia?
Answer: Excruciating paroxysmal unilateral facial pain, repetitive attacks <1 minute duration.
Extra: Triggered by light touch, chewing, or washing the face. Usually affects V2 or V3 distributions. First-line treatment is carbamazepine.
Flashcard 29: What is Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and its most common genetic cause?
Answer: Group of hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies (HMSN), most commonly caused by a duplication of the PMP22 gene.
Extra: Characterized by progressive muscle weakness and atrophy (distal predominance), 'stork leg' appearance, pes cavus, and hammer toes. The most common type is CMT1A (autosomal dominant), which involves the duplication of the PMP22 gene leading to defective myelin structure.
Flashcard 30: What are the classic clinical features of Sturge-Weber syndrome?
Answer: Port-wine stain, leptomeningeal angioma, glaucoma, and seizures.
Extra: Sturge-Weber syndrome (encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis) is a phakomatosis characterized by:
• Port-wine stain (nevus flammeus) in CN V1/V2 distribution.
• Ipsilateral leptomeningeal angioma (calcifications in "tram-track" pattern).
• Glaucoma.
• Seizures, hemiparesis, and intellectual disability.
Note: Pheochromocytomas are associated with VHL, NF-1, and MEN 2, NOT Sturge-Weber.
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