Differential diagnosis — Flashcards

Flashcard 21: Guillain-Barre syndrome

Answer: autoimmune

Extra: destruction of Schwann cells, demyelination of peripheral nervesacute onset of symmetric ascending muscle weakness/paralysis, severe autonomic dysfunction, papilledemaincreased: CSF proteinrespiratory support, plasmapheresis, IV Igrecent Campylobacter jejuni or CMV infection

Flashcard 22: resting tremor

Answer: vibratory tremor at rest; alleviated by intentional movement

Flashcard 23: peripheral vertigo

Answer: inner ear problem (semicircular canal debris, vestibular nerve infection, Meniere's disease)

Extra: sensation of dizziness, positional testing: delayed horizontal nystagmus

Flashcard 24: central vertigo

Answer: brain stem or cerebellar lesion

Extra: dizziness, diplopia, dysmetria, skew deviation positional testing: immediate nystagmus in any direction; may change direction 

Flashcard 25: dysarthria

Answer: speech deficit due to motor problem

Flashcard 26: cluster headache

Answer:

Extra: excruciating unilateral headache; repetitive attacks 15 min-3 hr duration; lacrimation, rhinorrheainhaled oxygen, sumatriptan

Flashcard 27: tension headache

Answer:

Extra: steady bilateral headache; >30 min duration, typically 4-6 hr

Flashcard 28: trigeminal neuralgia

Answer:

Extra: excruciating unilateral headache; repetitive attacks <1 minute duration

Flashcard 29: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease

Answer:

Extra: one of several genes involved in structure/function of myelin sheath

Flashcard 30: Sturge-Weber syndrome

Answer:

Extra: port-wine stain, leptomeningeal angiomas, pheochromocytomas; +/- glaucoma, seizures, hemiparesis, mental retardation