Differential diagnosis — Flashcards
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The following signs and symptoms are characteristic of what diesase: broad-based ataxia, positive Romberg, Argyll-Robertson pupil, Charcot joint, stroke
The following signs and symptoms are characteristic of what diesase: constitutional symptoms, maculopapuar rash (especially on palms and soles)
What are the signs and symptoms of stage 3 Lyme disease?
What kinds of things could cause anergy in a PPD test?
Transillumination of the testes can help distinguish _____ from _____.
testosterone-secreting tumor
Double Y syndrome
Klinefelter's syndrome
lithium
vertebral disc herniation
Differential diagnosis US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Differential diagnosis with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Differential diagnosis Flashcard Deck - 357 Cards
Flashcard 1: The following signs and symptoms are characteristic of what diesase: broad-based ataxia, positive Romberg, Argyll-Robertson pupil, Charcot joint, stroke
Answer: tertiary syphilis
Flashcard 2: The following signs and symptoms are characteristic of what diesase: constitutional symptoms, maculopapuar rash (especially on palms and soles)
Answer: secondary syphilis
Flashcard 3: What are the signs and symptoms of stage 3 Lyme disease?
Answer: arthritis, encephalopathy, polyneuropathy
Flashcard 4: What kinds of things could cause anergy in a PPD test?
Answer: steroid therapy, malnutrition, immunocompromise
Flashcard 5: Transillumination of the testes can help distinguish _____ from _____.
Answer: benign lesions of the tunica vaginalis
Flashcard 6: testosterone-secreting tumor
Answer:
Extra: increased: testosterone decreased: LH
Flashcard 7: Double Y syndrome
Answer:
Extra: male, tall stature, severe acne, antisocial behavior XYY
Flashcard 8: Klinefelter's syndrome
Answer:
Extra: male, testicular atrophy, eunuchoid body shape, tall stature, long extremities, gynecomastia, female hair distribution +/- developmental delay increased: LH, FSH, estrogen decreased: inhibin, testosterone XXY
Flashcard 9: lithium
Answer: Ebstein's anomaly
Flashcard 10: vertebral disc herniation
Answer:
Extra: nucleus pulposus herniates through anulus fibrosis; usually posterolaterally
Flashcard 11: What is the latest that MRI can detect ischemic stroke?
Answer: 10 days
Flashcard 12: lateral pontine syndrome
Answer: AICA stroke
Extra: acute vomiting, vertigo, nystagmus, facial paralysis, facial sensory loss, Horner's syndrome, ataxia, dysmetria decreased: lacrimation, taste, corneal reflex, hearing mnemonic: facial droop means AICA's pooped
Flashcard 13: ischemic stroke
Answer:
Extra: atherosclerotic embolus blocks large vessel diffusion-weighted MRI: bright CT: dark tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) within 4.5 hours atrial fibrillation, carotid dissection, patent foramen ovale, endocarditis
Flashcard 14: What imaging modality can identify stroke most rapidly?
Answer: diffusion-weighted MRI
Flashcard 15: What is the earliest that MRI can detect ischemic stroke?
Answer: 3-30 minutes
Flashcard 16: How soon after the event can CT detect ischemic stroke?
Answer: ~24 hours
Flashcard 17: transient ischemic attack (TIA)
Answer:
Extra: focal ischemia brief, reversible episode of focal neurologic dysfunction lasting <1 hr MRI: no evidence of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke
Flashcard 18: communicating hydrocephalus
Answer: decreased CSF absorption by arachnoid granulations
Extra: papilledema incomplete increased ICP all ventricles enlarged in equal proportions
Flashcard 19: normal pressure hydrocephalus
Answer: slow build-up of fluid in subarachnoid space and ventricles
Extra: in elderly: urinary incontinence, ataxia, cognitive dysfunction normal ICP increase in volume of subarachnoid space
Flashcard 20: status epilepticus
Answer:
Extra: acute: diazepam/lorazepam prophylaxis: phenytoin
Flashcard 21: Guillain-Barre syndrome
Answer: autoimmune
Extra: destruction of Schwann cells, demyelination of peripheral nerves acute onset of symmetric ascending muscle weakness/paralysis, severe autonomic dysfunction, papilledema increased: CSF protein respiratory support, plasmapheresis, IV Ig recent Campylobacter jejuni or CMV infection
Flashcard 22: resting tremor
Answer: vibratory tremor at rest; alleviated by intentional movement
Flashcard 23: peripheral vertigo
Answer: inner ear problem (semicircular canal debris, vestibular nerve infection, Meniere's disease)
Extra: sensation of dizziness, positional testing: delayed horizontal nystagmus
Flashcard 24: central vertigo
Answer: brain stem or cerebellar lesion
Extra: dizziness, diplopia, dysmetria, skew deviation positional testing: immediate nystagmus in any direction; may change direction
Flashcard 25: dysarthria
Answer: speech deficit due to motor problem
Flashcard 26: cluster headache
Answer:
Extra: excruciating unilateral headache; repetitive attacks 15 min-3 hr duration; lacrimation, rhinorrhea inhaled oxygen, sumatriptan
Flashcard 27: tension headache
Answer:
Extra: steady bilateral headache; >30 min duration, typically 4-6 hr
Flashcard 28: trigeminal neuralgia
Answer:
Extra: excruciating unilateral headache; repetitive attacks <1 minute duration
Flashcard 29: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
Answer:
Extra: one of several genes involved in structure/function of myelin sheath
Flashcard 30: Sturge-Weber syndrome
Answer:
Extra: port-wine stain, leptomeningeal angiomas, pheochromocytomas; +/- glaucoma, seizures, hemiparesis, mental retardation
Flashcard 31: myotonic dystrophy
Answer:
Extra: AD, triplet repeat disorder (CTG repeats in) MDPK mnemonic: X-Girlfriend's First Aid Helped Ace My Test
Flashcard 32: holoprosencephaly
Answer:
Extra: birth defects ranging from cleft lip/palate and mild retardation to lethal cyclopia falure of left and right cerebral hemispheres to separate sonic hedgehog
Flashcard 33: metachromatic leukodystrophy
Answer:
Extra: accumulation of cerebroside sulfate, central and peripheral demyelination ataxia and dementia AR arylsulfatase A
Flashcard 34: What test is used to differentiate the causes of B12 (cobalamin) deficiency?
Answer: Schilling test (administration of B12 and IF)
Flashcard 35: herditary spherocytosis
Answer:
Extra: hemolytic anemia, increased MCHC splenectomy cures disease, but not defect AD spectrin or ankyrin
Flashcard 36: 22q11 deletion syndrome (DiGeorge and velocardiofacial syndromes are subtypes)
Answer:
Extra: abberant development of 3rd and 4th branchial pouches cleft palate, abnormal facies, thymic aplasia, cardiac defects, parathyroid aplasia T-cell deficiency, hypocalcemia microdeletion on 22q
Flashcard 37: What manifestations of 22q11 deletion syndrome define DiGeorge syndrome?
Answer: cardiac, thymic, parathyroid defects
Flashcard 38: Huntington's disease
Answer:
Extra: neuron death via glutamate toxicity chorea, athetosis, aggresion, depression, progressive dementia atrophy of head of caudate nuclei, enlarged lateral ventricles AD, triplet repeat disorder (CAG repeats in) Huntingtin 4 mnemonic: X-Girlfriend's First Aid Helped Ace My Test decreased: GABA, ACh
Flashcard 39: Marfan's syndrome
Answer:
Extra: tall stature, long limbs, pectus excavatum, hypermobile joints, arachnodactyly, aortic incompetence or dissection, cystic medial necrosis of aorta, subluxation of ocular lens AD FBN1
Flashcard 40: neurofibromatosis type 1 (von Recklinghausen's disease)
Answer:
Extra: cafe-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (pigmented iris hamartoma), neurofibromas, optic pathway glioma, pheochromocytomas AD NF1 17
Flashcard 41: neurofibromatosis type 2
Answer:
Extra: bilateral acoustic schwannomas, juvenile cataracts, neurofibromas AD NF2
Flashcard 42: von Hippel-Lindau disease
Answer:
Extra: caverous hemangiomas of skin, mucosa, organs; hemangioblastomas of retina, cerebellum, medulla; pheochromocytomas; multiple, bilateral renal cell carcinomas AD VHL 3
Flashcard 43: Edward's syndrome
Answer:
Extra: severe mental retardation, rocker-bottom feet, micrognathia, low-set ears, clenched hands, cardiac abnormalities pregnancy quad screen: decreased - β-hCG, α-fetoprotein, urine estriol death within first year trisomy 18
Flashcard 44: Cri-du-chat syndrome
Answer:
Extra: microcephaly, severe mental retardation, high-pitched cry, epicanthal folds, cardiac abnormalities (VSD) microdeletion on short arm of chromosome 5
Flashcard 45: Angleman's syndrome
Answer:
Extra: mental retardation, seizures, ataxia, inappropriate laughter imprinting disease; defect in the maternal genes maternal chromosome 15
Flashcard 46: Alport syndrome
Answer:
Extra: progressive nephritis and deafness, ocular disturbances usually XR type IV collagen synthesis
Flashcard 47: Elhers-Danlos syndrome
Answer:
Extra: hyperextensible skin, hypermobile joints, easy bruise/bleed, recurrent dislocations, berry aneurysms AD or AR cross-linking step of collagen synthesis; often Type I, III, V collagen
Flashcard 48: primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD)
Answer:
Extra: ineffective mucus clearance; predisposition for infection bronchiectasis, recurrent sinusitis, infertility +/- situs inversus usually AR usually dyenin arm protein of cilia
Flashcard 49: Chediak-Higashi syndrome
Answer:
Extra: faulty lysosomal trafficking recurrent pyogenic infections, partial albinism, peripheral neuropathy AR LYST (lysosomal trafficking regulator) mnemonic: C-H syndrome and LYST both have "Y"; I-cell disease doesn't have a Y
Flashcard 50: Salmonella enteritidis produces an inflammatory diarrhea, with _____ present in stool
Answer: leukocytes
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 51: Painful _____ lymphadenopathy is classically associated with HSV-2
Answer: inguinal
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/dna-viruses/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 52: CMV can present with _____ calcifications in the brain
Answer: periventricular
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 53: What other pathologies should be on a differential when considering appendicitis? _____ (elderly) and ectopic pregnancy
Answer: Diverticulitis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 54: Which liver enzyme is increased in cholestasis (e.g. biliary obstruction), infiltrative disorders, and bone disease? _____
Answer: Alkaline phosphatase
Extra: Watch Lab Evaluation of Liver Injury & Hyperbilirubinemia [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-gallbladder-and-biliary-tract-disease-lab-evaluation-of-liver-injury-and-hyperbilirubinemia?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Autoimmune Biliary Tract Disorders & Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-gallbladder-and-biliary-tract-disease-lab-evaluation-of-liver-injury-and-hyperbilirubinemia?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/pancreatic-and-biliary-pathology?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Step Up to Medicine:
Flashcard 55: Lab results of S. pneumoniae meningitis include _____ CSF glucose
Answer: low
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 56: Osteomyelitis may be seen on X-ray as a(n) _____ focus (sequestrum) surrounded by sclerosis (involucrum)
Answer: lytic
Extra: From microbiology section: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 57: The _____ is a diagnostic test that detects the heterophile antibodies seen in EBV infection via agglutination of sheep or horse RBCs
Answer: Monospot Test
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 58: The following CXR is highly suggestive of what pulmonary pathology? _____
Answer: Pneumothorax
Extra: Watch Pneumothorax [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-acute-lung-disorders-pneumothorax?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-special-topics?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary-hypertension?ref=anki
Flashcard 59: Fungal/TB meningitis is associated with _____ protein in the CSF
Answer: increased
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 60: Lab results of S. pneumoniae meningitis include _____ polymorphonuclear cells in CSF
Answer: high
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 61: The plasma anion gap is useful primarily in the differential diagnosis of _____
Answer: metabolic acidosis
Extra: Watch Acid/Base Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-volume-electrolyte-and-acidbase-disorders-acidbase-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/acid-base-physiology?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/acid-base/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 62: _____ is a refractive error caused by uneven/irregular curvature of the cornea
Answer: Astigmatism
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/ophthalmology/acquire?ref=anki Regular astigmatism In individuals with normal vision, the cornea is hemispherical and has the same curvature along all axes (or meridians). As a result, the cornea refracts light at the same degree at all axes, creating a single focal point on the retina. In regular astigmatism, the cornea is longer than it is wider (i.e. oval in shape). This distorts the refraction of light and creates two focal points, usually in front of and/or behind the retina. As a result, vision is out of focus (blurred) at all distances. Atlas:
Flashcard 63: What percent of brain tumors are from metastases? _____
Answer: 50%
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 64: What is the likely diagnosis for an adult with episodic, painless dark maroon-colored stool? _____
Answer: Angiodysplasia
Extra: Watch Intestinal Ischemia & Angiodysplasia [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-gi/videos/medical-pathophysiology-gi-small-bowel-disorders-intestinal-ischemia-and-angiodysplasia?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology?ref=anki
Flashcard 65: Primary CNS lymphoma must be distinguished from _____ infection via CSF analysis or other lab tests
Answer: toxoplasmosis
Extra: Watch Adult CNS Tumors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-neuro/videos/medical-pathophysiology-neuro-intracranial-hypertension-and-tumors-adult-cns-tumors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/leukemias-and-lymphomas?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/lymphoma/acquire?ref=anki Atlas: Other:
Flashcard 66: Which type of meningitis presents with normal sugar and increased lymphocytes in the CSF? _____
Answer: Viral meningitis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 67: _____ excretion of urinary D-xylose is indicative of GI mucosal damage or bacterial overgrowth (D-xylose absorption test)
Answer: Decreased
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/physiology?index=14] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/malabsorption/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 68: Pseudogout may present on X-ray with cartilage _____
Answer: calcification (chondrocalcinosis)
Extra: Watch Gout & Pseudogout [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-derm/videos/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-and-derm-joint-gout-and-pseudogout?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/monoarticuloarthropathy/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 69: Which type of meningitis presents with decreased sugar and increased PMNs in the CSF? _____
Answer: Bacterial meningitis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 70: The rash from Rickettsia rickettsii is distinctly different from that of Rickettsia prowazekii in that _____
Answer: this rash begins at the extremities and moves towards the trunk
Extra: Watch Rickettsia rickettsii [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-indeterminate-bacteria-rickettsia-rickettsii?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 71: Increased Cl- concentration (> _____ meQ/L) in sweat is diagnostic of cystic fibrosis
Answer: 60
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/genetics?ref=anki
Flashcard 72: Which antibody is sensitive, but not specific for SLE? _____
Answer: Antinuclear antibodies (ANA)
Extra: Watch Autoimmune Disease Overview & Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-immunology/videos/medical-pathophysiology-immunology-autoimmune-and-amyloidosis-autoimmune-disease-overview-and-systemic-lupus-erythematosus-sle?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/approach-to-joint-pain/acquire?ref=anki Step 2: Atlas:
Flashcard 73: Achalasia is characterized by the "_____" sign on barium swallow
Answer: Bird's beak
Extra: Watch Esophageal Dysmotility & Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-gi/videos/medical-pathophysiology-gi-esophageal-and-gastric-disorders-esophageal-dysmotility-and-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/esophageal-and-gastric-pathology?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/esophagus/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 74: After administration of radioactive iodine (I-131), what does a nuclear scan of Graves' disease look like? _____
Answer: Diffuse "hot" appearance (entire thyroid takes up iodine)
Extra: Watch Hyperthyroidism Overview & Graves Disease [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-thyroid-and-parathyroid-hyperthyroidism-overview-and-graves-disease?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine?ref=anki
Flashcard 75: Are cholesterol gallstones typically radiolucent or radiopaque? _____
Answer: Radiolucent
Extra: Watch Gallbladder & Biliary Tract Disease [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-gallbladder-and-biliary-tract-disease-gallbladder-and-biliary-tract-disease?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gross-anatomy/videos/hepatoduodenal-ligament-celiac-trunk-stomach-spleen-liver-and-gallbladder?index=9] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gallbladder/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 76: The presence of casts in the urine indicates that hematuria/pyuria is of _____ or renal tubular origin
Answer: glomerular
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/pathology-diagnostics?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/acute-kidney-injury/acquire?ref=anki Step Up to Medicine: Other: Goljan:
Flashcard 77: Transitional cell (urothelial) carcinoma classically presents with painless _____
Answer: hematuria
Extra: Watch Bladder Cancer & Penile Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-male-gu-bladder-cancer-and-penile-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 78: Gout treatment (NSAIDs, glucocorticoids, colchicine) can also be used to treat _____
Answer: pseudogout
Extra: Watch Gout drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-gout-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/monoarticuloarthropathy/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 79: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy presents with _____ brain lesions in white matter
Answer: non-enhancing
Extra: Watch JC polyomavirus, BK polyomavirus (Polyomaviridae) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-dna-viruses-jc-polyomavirus-bk-polyomavirus-polyomaviridae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/demyelinating-disease?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/dna-viruses/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 80: Elderly patient with history of falls presents with progressive headache, somnolence, confusion, and mild contralateral hemiparesis for the past 2 weeks = _____
Answer: chronic subdural hematoma
Extra: Watch Epidural Hematoma, Subdural Hematoma, & Subarachnoid Hemorrhage [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-neuro/videos/medical-pathophysiology-neuro-cerebrovascular-epidural-hematoma-subdural-hematoma-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/aneurysms-and-intracranial-hemorrhage?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 81: Viral meningitis is associated with _____ glucose in the CSF
Answer: normal
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 82: Subchondral cysts, periarticular osteopenia and joint margin erosions on X-ray is suggestive of _____
Answer: rheumatoid arthritis
Extra: Watch Rheumatoid Arthritis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-derm/videos/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-and-derm-joint-rheumatoid-arthritis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/rheumatoid-arthritis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 83: Which cause of genital ulceration presents with gray or yellow exudate? _____
Answer: Chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 84: Sclerodermal esophageal dysmotility is characterized by _____ LES pressure on esophageal manometry
Answer: low
Extra: Watch Esophageal Dysmotility & Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-gi/videos/medical-pathophysiology-gi-esophageal-and-gastric-disorders-esophageal-dysmotility-and-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/esophageal-and-gastric-pathology?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/esophagus/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 85: What dermatologic lesion is a elevated solid skin lesion < 1 cm? _____
Answer: Papule
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/dermatology/videos/general-principles?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 86: Does Pneumocystis pneumonia have a productive cough? _____
Answer: No
Extra: Watch Pneumocystis jirovecii [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-fungi/videos/medical-microbiology-fungi-opportunistic-fungal-infections-pneumocystis-jirovecii?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/pneumonia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 87: Which cause of genital ulceration presents with painful vesicles on an erythematous base? _____
Answer: HSV
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/dermatology/videos/infectious-diseases-of-the-skin?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/genital-ulcers/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 88: What pathologies are characterized by hematuria with no casts? _____
Answer: Bladder cancer, Kidney stones
Extra: Watch Bladder Cancer & Penile Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-male-gu-bladder-cancer-and-penile-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/acute-kidney-injury/acquire?ref=anki Step Up to Medicine: Other: Goljan:
Flashcard 89: What is the likely diagnosis in a young patient that has hepatosplenomegaly, resting tremor, dysarthria, parkinsonism, and dementia? _____
Answer: Wilson disease
Extra: Watch Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease, Parkinsons Disease & Huntingtons Disease [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-neuro/videos/medical-pathophysiology-neuro-neurodegenerative-creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-parkinsons-disease-and-huntingtons-disease?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=18] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 90: Eosinophilic esophagitis presents with esophageal _____ and linear furrows, often seen on endoscopy
Answer: rings
Extra: * Linear lines down eosinophilic boy's cape: linear furrows and esophageal rings Watch Structural Esophageal Disorders & GERD [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-gi/videos/medical-pathophysiology-gi-esophageal-and-gastric-disorders-structural-esophageal-disorders-and-gerd?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/esophageal-and-gastric-pathology?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/esophagitis/acquire?ref=anki Eosinophilic esophagitis Endoscopic image of the esophagus in a young patient with persistent dysphagia Concentric white rings (dashed lines) and linear, longitudinal furrows (green lines) are visible along the esophageal mucosa. These are the characteristic endoscopic features of eosinophilic esophagitis, which can be confirmed with an esophageal biopsy showing a large number of eosinophils. circular rings are non-specific; diagnosis is confirmed by > 15 eosinophils per high-power field on histology
Flashcard 91: Yersinia enterocolitica can mimic _____, complete with RLQ pain, fever and elevated WBC count
Answer: appendicitis
Extra: Watch Yersinia enterocolitica & pestis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-negative-bacilli-enteric-tract-yersinia-enterocolitica-and-pestis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 92: Does a hydrocele transilluminate? _____
Answer: Yes
Extra: Watch Testicular Disorders & Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-male-gu-testicular-disorders-and-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/musculoskeletal/videos/high-yield-step-1-anatomy?index=46] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 93: Anemia is classified as _____ if the MCV < 80 μm3
Answer: microcytic
Extra: * MCV= 1000 * HCT/ RBC count Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/microcytic-anemia?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Other:
Flashcard 94: Which liver mass is characterized by a solitary mass with a hypodense central stellate scar or "spoke wheel" vascular pattern on CT imaging? _____
Answer: Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH)
Extra: Watch Liver Tumors & Hepatocellular Carcinoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-liver-disease-liver-tumors-and-hepatocellular-carcinoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 95: Histoplasmosis can also cause _____, characterized by painful red nodules, typically on the shins
Answer: erythema nodosum
Extra: Watch Histoplasma capsulatum [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-fungi/videos/medical-microbiology-fungi-systemic-mycoses-histoplasma-capsulatum?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/fungi/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 96: The Schilling test is useful in determining the etiology of vitamin _____ deficiency
Answer: B12
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/macrocytic-anemia?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/macrocytic-anemia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 97: What x-ray finding is characteristic of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (pseudogout)? _____
Answer: Chondrocalcinosis (linear deposits of calcium within articular cartilage)
Extra: Watch Gout & Pseudogout [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-derm/videos/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-and-derm-joint-gout-and-pseudogout?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 98: The _____ test helps distinguish GI mucosal damage from other causes of malabsorption (e.g. lactose intolerance)
Answer: D-xylose absorption
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/physiology?index=14] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/malabsorption/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 99: _____ can be said to have a "ground-glass" appearance on chest-xray
Answer: Pneumocystis pneumonia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/pneumonia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 100: Which type of meningitis is caused by a non-bacterial organism? _____
Answer: Aseptic meningitis
Extra: Watch PicoRNAviridae overview [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-rna-viruses-positive-sense-picornaviridae-overview?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 101: What is used to differentiate between primary CNS lymphoma and toxoplasmosis? _____
Answer: Brain biopsy
Extra: Watch Toxoplasma gondii [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-parasites/videos/medical-microbiology-parasites-protozoa-of-the-cns-toxoplasma-gondii?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 102: Diagnosis of HIV *previously* was made initially with _____; positive results are confirmed with a(n) Western blot
Answer: ELISA
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/genetics/videos/laboratory-techniques?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/hiv/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 103: What is the appearance of cystine kidney stones on CT? _____
Answer: Moderately radioopaque (sometimes visible)
Extra: Watch Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate (MAP) Stones, Uric Acid Stones, & Cystine Stones [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-urinary-tract-obstruction-magnesium-ammonium-phosphate-map-stones-uric-acid-stones-and-cystine-stones?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/nephrolithiasis?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/kidney-stones/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 104: Types of Pleural Effusions: Exudate = _____ LDH/proteins/lipids Transudate = _____ LDH/proteins/lipids
Answer: ↑
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/cardiomyopathy/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 105: Dyspnea, tachycardia, hypoxemia and non-productive cough in a woman taking OCPs is suggestive of _____
Answer: PE
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 106: What is the likely diagnosis in an older patient with memory changes, weight gain, fatigue, and constipation? _____
Answer: Hypothyroidism
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 107: During a Weber test: Sensorineural hearing loss = louder in _____ ear Conductive hearing loss = louder in _____ ear
Answer: unaffected
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 108: _____ is the most common cause of viral conjunctivitis and presents with a(n) _____ discharge
Answer: Adenovirus
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 109: Anuria after removing catheter = _____
Answer: urinary tract obstruction
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 110: Prolonged fever, pharyngitis +/- exudates and fatigue and generalized lymphadenopathy is suggestive of _____
Answer: mono
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 111: Raised, red granulation tissue on anterior vaginal wall with continuous watery vaginal discharge is suggestive of _____
Answer: vesiculovaginal fistula
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 112: What are the most common causes of referred otalgia? _____
Answer: Dental disease Temporomandibular joint disease
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 113: _____ = dysfunction of thermoregulation _____ = inadequate fluid/salt replacement
Answer: Exertional heat stroke
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 114: _____
Answer: Aortic stenosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 115: A rash including the palms and soles likely indicates: _____
Answer: Coxsackievirus A Rocky mountain spotted fever 2° Syphilis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/genital-ulcers/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 116: Dysphagia with solids / liquids = _____ disorder Dysphagia with solids = _____ disorder
Answer: motility
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 117: _____ presents with saber shin and saddle nose
Answer: Congenital syphilis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/prenatal-infections-2/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 118: Fever, flank pain, and bilateral diffuse crackles in pregnancy is suggestive of _____
Answer: pyelonephritis c/b ARDS
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 119: In addition to excess vitamin A, growth hormone and tetracyclines can cause _____
Answer: idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 120: Fever and cough with (-) CXR is suggestive of _____ Fever and cough with (+) consolidation on CXR is suggestive of _____ Fever and cough with cavitation on CXR is suggestive of _____
Answer: bronchitis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/pneumonia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 121: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient that presents with rapidly progressive dementia with prominent myoclonus? _____
Answer: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/dementia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 122: What is the diagnosis in a young patient with macrocephaly, ventriculomegaly, and a(n) intraventricular mass? _____
Answer: Choroid plexus papilloma
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 123: Uniform distribution of gas = _____
Answer: paralytic ileus
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 124: What is the likely diagnosis in an elderly patient with conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, elevated alkaline phosphatase, and painless jaundice? _____
Answer: Malignant biliary obstruction (pancreatic, biliary)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/jaundice/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 125: Influenza pneumonia creates _____lateral, diffuse interstitial infiltrates on chest x-ray
Answer: bi
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 126: What is the most common malignancy associated with painless hematuria in adults? _____
Answer: Bladder tumors
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 127: Pityriasis rosea can be the initial presentation of what disease? _____ Involvement of this body part will greatly increase its chances? _____
Answer: Syphilis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/dermatology/papulosquamous/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 128: SAAG = _____ - _____
Answer: serum albumin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 129: Prehn's sign (relief of pain when lifting testes) is suggestive of _____
Answer: epididymitis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 130: What is the likely diagnosis in an elderly male with last bowel movement 3 days ago who presents with abdominal distention and constipation five days after having surgery? Imaging reveals colonic dilation without evidence of anatomic obstruction. _____
Answer: Colonic pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie syndrome)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 131: Five P's of lichen planus: _____
Answer: Pruritic Planar (flat top) Polyangular Purple papules
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/dermatology/papulosquamous/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 132: What is the likely diagnosis in a young female that presents with foot pain between the toes with a clicking sensation when the 3rd/4th metatarsal heads are squeezed together? The patient also experiences numbness and paresthesias radiating to the toes proximal to the pain. _____
Answer: Morton neuroma
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki
Flashcard 133: Erosions and periarticular osteopenia is suggestive of _____
Answer: rheumatoid arthritis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 134: Hemothorax = _____ to percussion Pneumothorax = _____ to percussion
Answer: dullness
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 135: Repeated vomiting, severe chest/back/epigastric pain, fever and left-sided pleural effusion is suggestive of _____
Answer: esophageal perforation
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 136: Light reflects from separate locations on each eye _____
Answer: Strabismus
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/ophthalmology/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 137: On ultrasound, pancreatic pseudocysts are _____ collections
Answer: anechoic or hypoechoic
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/pancreatitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 138: _____hepatic cholestasis = no biliary dilation _____hepatic cholestasis = biliary dilation
Answer: Intra
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 139: Anti-mitochondrial antibodies are suggestive of _____
Answer: 1° biliary cirrhosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 140: Below is an MRI of a patient with a(n) _____
Answer: choroid plexus papilloma
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 141: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with a significant smoking and drinking history that presents with a persistent white plaque that cannot be scraped off? _____
Answer: Leukoplakia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 142: _____
Answer: Jejunal atresia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 143: What is the likely diagnosis in an adolescent with recurrent kidney stones and hexagonal crystals on urinalysis? _____
Answer: Cystinuria
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 144: Erythematous papule with sandpaper-like yellow to brown scale in sun-exposed areas is suggestive of _____
Answer: actinic keratosis
Extra: Watch Actinic Keratosis, Squamous Cell Carcinoma & Basal Cell Carcinoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-derm/videos/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-and-derm-derm-actinic-keratosis-squamous-cell-carcinoma-and-basal-cell-carcinoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/dermatology/hyperpigmentation/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 145: _____ can distinguish between postoperative ileus and SBO
Answer: CT
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 146: _____ chest pain is seen in pulmonary embolism due to infarction and inflammation of the lungs and pleura
Answer: Pleuritic
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/pulmonary-embolism/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 147: = _____
Answer: Wilson disease
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/dementia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 148: Features of SLE, systemic sclerosis and polymyositis is suggestive of _____
Answer: mixed connective tissue disease
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 149: Pneumocystis pneumonia can present with a "_____" appearance on CXR
Answer: bilateral, ground-glass
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 150: _____ lesions are due to vascular dilatation _____ lesions are due to the presence of red blood cells outside of blood vessels (extravasation)
Answer: Blanchable
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 151: A purple mass with itching/bleeding is suggestive of _____
Answer: thrombosed external hemorrhoid
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gi-bleed/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 152: _____ = abrupt (hours) onset of pain _____ = gradual (days) onset of pain
Answer: gout
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/monoarticuloarthropathy/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 153: Post-URI constant vertigo, n/v, tinnitus (-) hearing loss = _____ Post-URI constant vertigo, n/v, tinnitus (+) hearing loss = _____
Answer: vestibular neuritis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/dizziness/acquire?ref=anki - with (+) head thrust test - unable to maintain fixation with head thrust.
Flashcard 154: Painful hematuria = _____ Painless hematuria = _____
Answer: UTI or obstruction
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 155: Head trauma = _____
Answer: CT
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-trauma/head/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 156: Bowel wall thickening ("string sign") = _____
Answer: Crohn disease
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/ibd/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 157: What is the likely diagnosis? _____
Answer: Scabies
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 158: Solid-food dysphagia, vomiting, and recurrent food impaction with esophageal compression seen on fluoroscopy is suggestive of _____
Answer: vascular ring
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 159: Distended abdomen, bilious vomiting and blood in the stool is suggestive of _____
Answer: midgut volvulus
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 160: "Corkscrew esophagus" is suggestive of _____
Answer: diffuse esophageal spasm (DES)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/esophagus/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 161: Wide fixed split = _____ Wide splitting increased during inspiration = _____
Answer: ASD
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 162: On ultrasound, pancreatic abscesses are _____ collections
Answer: complex cystic fluid
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/pancreatitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 163: Pain in knee, restricted extension, joint line tenderness, joint effusion and popping/clicking is suggestive of _____
Answer: torn meniscus
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 164: How does LCIS differ from DCIS on mammogram? _____
Answer: no calcifications
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 165: Asthma symptoms that fail to respond to typical asthma therapy is suggestive of _____
Answer: vocal cord dysfunction
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 166: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with erythema, pruritis, and white papules on the glans penis? _____
Answer: Penile lichen sclerosus
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 167: Double-bubble sign and multiple air-fluid levels is suggestive of _____
Answer: intestinal atresia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/baby-emesis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 168: A systolic-diastolic abdominal bruit is indicative of _____
Answer: renal artery stenosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 169: Infant with jaundice (direct hyperbilirubinemia), hepatomegaly and failure to thrive and positive urine reducing substance is suggestive of _____
Answer: galactosemia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 170: Pt w/ asthma develops hematuria: _____
Answer: Churg-Strauss glomerulonephritis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/vasculitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 171: What cause of secondary headache involves fever, headache, and focal neurological deficits? _____
Answer: Intracranial abscess
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/headache/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 172: _____ = acute onset (hours) _____ = slower onset (days)
Answer: Testicular torsion
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 173: Upper vs. Lower GI Bleeding: Rule out Upper GI bleed with EGD Rule out Lower GI bleed with _____
Answer: Colonoscopy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 174: ↑ Uric acid → monosodium urate crystals in joints is suggestive of _____ Calcium pyrophosphate crystals in joints is suggestive of _____
Answer: gout
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/monoarticuloarthropathy/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 175: What type of acute renal failure has a large increase in BUN/Cr ratio? _____
Answer: Prerenal failure
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology?ref=anki
Flashcard 176: Cluster headache = usually _____lateral Tension headache = usually _____lateral Migraine headache = usually _____lateral
Answer: uni
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/headache/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 177: Years of copious mucopurulent cough associated with recurrent bacterial infection is suggestive of _____
Answer: bronchiectasis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 178: Painless, bright red bleeding with a perianal mass is suggestive of _____
Answer: hemorrhoid
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gi-bleed/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 179: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with two days of lethargy and a serum Ca2+ of 14 mg/dL? _____
Answer: Hypercalcemia of malignancy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/calcium/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 180: Chondrocalcinosis (cartilage calcification) on x-ray is most likely _____
Answer: pseudogout (CPPD)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/monoarticuloarthropathy/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 181: _____ vertigo = focal neurologic signs
Answer: Central
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/dizziness/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 182: Cystoscopy is typically performed for suspected _____ or _____
Answer: bladder cancer
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 183: Colicky RUQ abdominal pain that may radiate to right shoulder and occur after fatty meal is suggestive of _____
Answer: cholelithiasis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gallbladder/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 184: Anti-CCP > Anti-RF antibodies is suggestive of _____
Answer: RA
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/approach-to-joint-pain/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 185: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with the rash pictured below? It is painful and has been present for months. _____
Answer: Hidradenitis suppurativa
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 186: Hydroceles _____ be transilluminated
Answer: can
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 187: Which etiology of hirsutism presents with elevated testosterone, a LH:FSH ≥ 3:1, and typically affects both ovaries? _____
Answer: PCOS
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 188: Refractory peptic ulcers and high gastrin levels: _____
Answer: Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/peptic-ulcer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 189: _____: bright red blood visible in the stool
Answer: Hematochezia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gi-bleed/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 190: Both pancreatic adenocarcinoma and pancreatic pseudocysts may appear as a(n) _____echoic subhepatic cystic mass
Answer: an
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 191: Unilateral ear pain → relief with pulling on pinna = _____ Unilateral ear pain → no relief with pulling on pinna = _____
Answer: otitis media
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 192: Difficulty getting out of chair and painful muscles is suggestive of _____
Answer: myositis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/other-connective-tissue/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 193: What is the most likely cause of superficial unilateral hip pain of the upper lateral thigh in a middle-aged adult? _____
Answer: Trochanteric bursitis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 194: Aortic dissection and esophageal perforation both present with _____
Answer: widened mediastinum
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 195: Diverticulosis and bright red blood per rectum is suggestive of _____
Answer: diverticular hemorrhage
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/diverticula/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 196: What is the cause of this pruritic, papulosquamous rash which does not spread? _____
Answer: Pityriasis rosea
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/dermatology/papulosquamous/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 197: Viral rhinosinusitis is more likely than bacterial rhinosinusitis in pts who are _____ with mild symptoms that improve within _____ days
Answer: afebrile
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 198: Peptic ulcer disease → _____ to differentiate H. Pylori vs. malignancy vs. benign
Answer: EGD w/ bx
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/peptic-ulcer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 199: How is focal nodular hyperplasia described on ultrasonography? _____
Answer: Central, stellate scar with a "spoke-like pattern"
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 200: What is dx in pt. presenting with anorexia, then vague periumbilical pain that resolves and returneys at Mcburney's pt. w/ focal peritoneal findings? _____
Answer: Appendicitis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/small-bowel/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 201: What is the preferred diagnostic test for Babesiosis? _____
Answer: Peripheral blood smear ("Maltese cross")
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 202: What condition is shown by the funduscopic picture shown below? _____
Answer: Retinal detachment
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-subspecialty/adult-ophtho/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 203: A(n) negative monospot test with symptoms of infectious mononucleosis suggests _____ infection
Answer: CMV
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Flashcard 204: Sudden onset of hip or knee pain in an obese teenager/undergoing a growth spurt is suggestive of _____
Answer: slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)
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Flashcard 205: _____
Answer: Tension pneumothorax
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Flashcard 206: Does central vertigo present with hearing loss and tinnitus? _____
Answer: No
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Flashcard 207: Aortic stenosis with valve area > 1 cm and normal pulse pressure and anginal symptoms = _____
Answer: CAD
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Flashcard 208: Top: _____ hematoma Middle: _____ hematoma Bottom: _____
Answer: Epidural
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Flashcard 209: _____ = fever, bloody diarrhea, RUQ pain, smooth/cystic subcapsular mass
Answer: Entamoeba histolytica
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Flashcard 210: Severe abdominal pain, n/v and diarrhea, fever, leukocytosis and atrial fibrillation is suggestive of _____
Answer: acute mesenteric ischemia
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Flashcard 211: What is the likely diagnosis in an afebrile middle-aged woman that presents with unilateral breast warmth, erythema, and swelling refractory to antibiotics? _____
Answer: Inflammatory breast carcinoma
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Flashcard 212: Teenage athletes with progressive knee pain and tibial tubercle tenderness/swelling is suggestive of _____
Answer: Osgood-Schlatter
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Flashcard 213: What is the likely diagnosis in a middle-aged female that presents with dry mouth, dysphagia, oral thrush, dental caries, and dry eyes? _____
Answer: Sjögren's syndrome
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/other-connective-tissue/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 214: What is the likely diagnosis in a postmenopausal woman with a painful, eczematous, pruritic rash on the nipple/areola refractory to corticosteroids? _____
Answer: Mammary paget disease
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Flashcard 215: Pale, boggy mucosa, polyps, cobblestoning? _____
Answer: Allergic rhinitis
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Flashcard 216: Diagnoses? _____
Answer: Cervical sinus cyst (along SCM, immobile) vs. Thyroglossal duct cyst (midline, moves)
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Flashcard 217: The diagnosis of asthma can be made in patients with normal or increased DLCO and a >_____% increase in FEV1 following bronchodilator administration
Answer: 12
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Flashcard 218: What type of kidney stone is characterized by needle-shaped crystals on urinalysis and radiolucency? _____
Answer: Uric acid stones
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Flashcard 219: Chronic pelvic pain and varicosities on pelvic veins is suggestive of _____
Answer: pelvic congestion syndrome
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Flashcard 220: What is the likely diagnosis in a young male that presents with recurrent hematuria and bilateral sensorineural deafness? _____
Answer: Alport syndrome
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Flashcard 221: 2-10 days after lap chole, patient develops fever, n/v, cholestatic picture without biliary dilation is suggestive of _____
Answer: bile leak
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Flashcard 222: _____
Answer: Nevus simplex (salmon patch)
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Flashcard 223: _____ is the presence of gallstones is the common bile duct, often leading to elevated ALP, GGT, direct bilirubin, and/or AST/ALT
Answer: Choledocholithiasis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gallbladder/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 224: Pt who had a cold a little bit ago now has abd pain, palpable purpura and RBC casts: _____
Answer: HSP glomerulonephritis
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Flashcard 225: Hemorrhagic strokes appear immediately on non-contrast CT as _____ regions in the brain parenchyma
Answer: white hyperdense
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Flashcard 226: Does PE cause low glucose or pH in pleural fluid? _____
Answer: No
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Flashcard 227: Painless testicular mass in a young man that cannot be transilluminated is suggestive of _____
Answer: testicular tumor
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Flashcard 228: Arteriovenous fistula is a local vascular complication of cardiac catheterization characterized by a(n) _____ bruit and palpable thrill (with no mass)
Answer: continuous
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Flashcard 229: Limited upward gaze, eyelid retraction and eyes non-reactive to light but intact accommodation is suggestive of _____
Answer: Parinaud syndrome
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Flashcard 230: First step for diagnosing pancreatic cancer? _____
Answer: CT scan
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Flashcard 231: Post-bone related trauma, bilateral infiltrates and petechial rash (axilla, chest wall, conjunctiva) is suggestive of _____
Answer: fat embolism
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Flashcard 232: _____ diarrhea = bloody stool; fever; abdominal pain; leukocytosis; fecal WBCs _____ diarrhea = watery stool without leukocytosis, fever, bloody stool, and fecal WBCs
Answer: Invasive
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Flashcard 233: Which renal stone is radiolucent (not visible) on imaging? _____
Answer: Uric acid stone
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Flashcard 234: Aneurysm is the most common local vascular complication of cardiac catheterization characterized by a(n) _____ bruit and palpable thrill.
Answer: continuous
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Flashcard 235: A person with a long history of pneumonia and chronic mucopurulent cough develops hemoptysis is suggestive of _____
Answer: bronchiectasis
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Flashcard 236: X-ray of the spine shows focal, sclerotic, hyperdense lesions is suggestive of _____ X-ray shows widespread osteopenia and subperiosteal bone resorption is suggestive of _____
Answer: prostate cancer
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/calcium/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 237: Testicular tumors present as a painless testicular mass in a(n) young man that _____ be transilluminated
Answer: cannot
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Flashcard 238: What is the most likely diagnosis in a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy, supraventricular tachyarrhythmia, and no murmur? _____
Answer: Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy
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Flashcard 239: Myotonic dystrophy = _____ and confirmed with genetic studies
Answer: EMG
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Flashcard 240: First step in workup of anemia: Microcytic → _____ Normocytic → reticulocyte count Macrocytic → blood smear
Answer: ferritin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/anemia-approach/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 241: Bilateral lower limb edema and hyperpigmentation at the medial malleolus = _____
Answer: venous insufficiency ulcer
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/dermatology/eczematous-rashes/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 242: What syndrome is characterized by a triad of respiratory distress, neurologic dysfunction, and petechial rash? X-ray shows bilateral infiltrates. _____
Answer: Fat embolism syndrome
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Flashcard 243: A female-appearing child with virilization at puberty, bilateral undescended testes, and no breasts is suggestive of _____
Answer: 5α-reductase deficiency
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Flashcard 244: What are the XR findings in transient synovitis? _____
Answer: Normal
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Flashcard 245: What is the likely diagnosis? _____
Answer: Cellulitis
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Flashcard 246: Mobile, non-tender swelling at the wrist with (+) transillumination is suggestive of _____
Answer: ganglion cyst
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Flashcard 247: What enzymes are elevated in pancreatitis? _____
Answer: Lipase or amylase
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/pancreatitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 248: A positive hepatojugular reflux indicates _____ of the right ventricle and consequent inability to accommodate an increased venous return
Answer: impaired relaxation
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 249: What is the likely diagnosis in a young male with hemoptysis and hematuria without history of sinusitis? _____
Answer: Goodpasture's disease
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/vasculitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 250: _____ parapneumonic effusions are a type of pleural effusion that causes a sterile exudate in the pleural space
Answer: Uncomplicated
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/pleural-effusion/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 251: What is the likely diagnosis in a young woman that develops amenorrhea, weight gain, hypertension, hirsutism, muscle weakness, and easy bruising (striae)? _____
Answer: Cushing syndrome
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/adrenals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 252: _____
Answer: B12 deficiency
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Flashcard 253: NASH is a diagnosis of exclusion _____
Answer: T
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Flashcard 254: - Unilateral, severe radicular pain - LMN symptoms only (e.g. normal Babinski) _____
Answer: Cauda equina syndrome
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Flashcard 255: Thalassemia = _____ MCV and _____ iron levels
Answer: ↓↓
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Flashcard 256: A(n) _____ cyst is one that is small, homogenous, cystic, unilocular
Answer: simple
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Flashcard 257: What is the likely diagnosis in an afebrile farmer with RUQ pain and a smooth, round hepatic cyst with septations and eggshell calcifications on ultrasound? _____
Answer: Echinococcus granulosus infection
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Flashcard 258: Newborn with cataracts, failed hearing test, and continuous heart murmur: _____
Answer: Congenital Rubella
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Flashcard 259: Post-abdominal surgery and absent bowel sounds/flatus, X-ray shows dilated gas-filled loops with no transition point: _____
Answer: Paralytic ileus
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Flashcard 260: What type of thyroid nodule, hyperfunctioning ("hot") or hypofunctioning ("cold"), is more likely to be cancerous? _____
Answer: Hypofunctioning ("cold")
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid-nodules/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 261: _____
Answer: Plantar fasciitis
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Flashcard 262: Post-prandial vomiting and alopecia is suggestive of _____
Answer: gastric bezoar
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/dermatology/alopecia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 263: What is the diagnosis in an elderly patient with swelling and tenderness of the parotid gland and calculi on oral exam? _____
Answer: Sialolithiasis
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Flashcard 264: Cervical motion tenderness and mucopurulent/bloody discharge without PID symptoms is suggestive of _____
Answer: cervicitis
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Flashcard 265: What is the most likely diagnosis in a patient with previous percutaneous liver biopsy, RUQ pain, melena, and jaundice? _____
Answer: Hemobilia
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Flashcard 266: _____
Answer: Pneumonia
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Flashcard 267: Complex regional pain syndrome shows patchy _____ on X-ray and increased uptake in affected limbs on bone scintigraphy
Answer: demineralization
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Flashcard 268: Which type of hematuria, glomerular or non-glomerular, is associated with microscopic hematuria, proteinuria, and dysmorphic/casted RBCs? _____
Answer: Glomerular hematuria
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 269: _____ presents with sluggish ankle jerks
Answer: Hypothyroid myopathy
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Flashcard 270: Below is a T2-weighted MRI with high-intensity signal in the area of the _____
Answer: temporal lobe
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Flashcard 271: _____ may present with dysphagia, "gurgling" in the throat, and aspiration pneumonia
Answer: Zenker diverticulum
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/esophagus/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 272: What is the likely diagnosis in a male patient with HIV that presents with a 3-cm anal ulcer and firm, non-tender inguinal lymphadenopathy? _____
Answer: Anal cancer
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 273: Athlete with medial knee pain and focal tenderness over anteromedial tibia, just below the joint line is suggestive of _____
Answer: Pes anserinus pain syndrome (anserine bursitis)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 274: What is the likely diagnosis in an elderly patient with a burning sensation around the left eye and decreased vision for the past 5 days? Physical exam is remarkable for a vesicular rash over the forehead and left eye. Dendriform ulcers are seen on the cornea. _____
Answer: Herpes zoster ophthalmicus
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki
Flashcard 275: What is the FENa in patients with prerenal azotemia? _____
Answer: < 1%
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology?ref=anki
Flashcard 276: Causes of syncope: VV: _____ O: _____ M: _____ A: _____ N: _____ P: _____ E: _____
Answer: Vasovagal
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/syncope/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 277: Unilateral sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus is suggestive of a(n) _____
Answer: cerebellopontine tumor
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/dizziness/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 278: Pyelonephritis = fever _____ Cystitis = fever _____
Answer: present
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Flashcard 279: How is esophageal cancer staged? _____
Answer: CT scan
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/esophagus/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 280: Patient with hemoptysis and hematuria: _____
Answer: Goodpasture's glomerulonephritis
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Flashcard 281: Manifestations of acute angle-closure glaucoma include unilateral eye pain with conjunctival injection and a(n) _____, non-reactive pupil
Answer: dilated
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Flashcard 282: Exudative effusion and lymphocytosis = _____
Answer: TB effusion
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Flashcard 283: What is definitive dx method of achalsia? _____
Answer: Manometry (tight LES)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/esophagus/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 284: Upper extremity thrombosis triggered by extreme activity of the arms (jackhammer) is suggestive of _____
Answer: paget-schroetter disease
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Flashcard 285: _____
Answer: Lupus
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Flashcard 286: How do the following laboratory values change in iron deficiency anemia? Serum iron: _____ TIBC: _____ % Saturation: _____ Ferritin: _____
Answer: decreased
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/microcytic-anemia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 287: Sepsis, galactosemia, hypothyroidism, choledochal cyst, and CF can all cause _____ hyperbilirubinemia
Answer: direct
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Flashcard 288: Obesity, hirsutism, acne and menstrual irregularity is suggestive of _____ Above and moonlike facies, HTN, muscle wasting, abdominal striae is suggestive of _____
Answer: PCOS
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/adrenals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 289: Head-Thrust Test: The examiner turns the patient's head rapidly towards the affected side → positive if the patient is unable to maintain visual fixation = _____ cause of vertigo
Answer: peripheral
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/dizziness/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 290: Erythema and wheals without hypotension is suggestive of _____
Answer: urticaria
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/dermatology/hypersensitivity/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 291: Flu-like symptoms followed by sudden thoracic/upper abdominal pain 2/2 coxsackievirus is suggestive of _____
Answer: pleurodynia
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Flashcard 292: _____ vertigo is a form of vertigo that presents with hearing loss or tinnitus
Answer: Peripheral
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Flashcard 293: Diagnosis? _____
Answer: De Quervain's tenosynovitis
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Flashcard 294: Rash starting on palms/soles of feet moving towards trunk (centripetal spread) is suggestive of _____
Answer: Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF)
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Flashcard 295: Psoriasis and joint pain is suggestive of _____
Answer: psoriatic arthritis
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Flashcard 296: Subacute appendicitis (>5 days) is suggestive of _____
Answer: appendiceal abscess
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Flashcard 297: Painful bacterial staph infection of eyelash follicle or meibomian gland is suggestive of _____
Answer: Hordeolum
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Flashcard 298: Chronic venous insufficiency = _____
Answer: duplex venous ultrasound
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Flashcard 299: Painless occlusion of meibomian gland is suggestive of _____
Answer: chalazion
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Flashcard 300: _____
Answer: Acute cholecystitis
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Flashcard 301: Mucocutaneous lesions and lymphadenopathy should point you towards which fungal infection?_____
Answer: Paracoccidioidomycosis
Flashcard 302: CSF glucose in _____ meningitis is normal
Answer: viral
Flashcard 303: In hemophilia A, mixing normal plasma with the patient's plasma (mixing study) _____ correct the PTT (does or doesn't)
Answer: does
Flashcard 304: _____ lymphoma typically presents as a single, solid brain lesion on MRI
Answer: Primary CNS
Flashcard 305: Are Charcot-Bouchard microaneurysms seen on angiogram? _____
Answer: No
Flashcard 306: Which trisomy(trisomies) are characterized by decreased levels of hCG?_____
Answer: trisomy 18 (Edward syndrome), trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome)
Flashcard 307: If a thyroid nodule has increased uptake of 131I, it is considered a _____ nodule; seen in Graves disease or nodular goiter
Answer: hot
Flashcard 308: _____ excretion of urinary D-xylose is indicative of GI mucosal damage or bacterial overgrowth (D-xylose absorption test)
Answer: Decreased
Flashcard 309: Most notably, the serum tumor marker _____ is elevated in patients with metastases to bone or liver, Paget Disease of Bone, or Seminoma
Answer: Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)
Flashcard 310: EBV causes heterophile-_____ mononucleosis
Answer: positive
Flashcard 311: Are cholesterol gallstones typically radiolucent or radiopaque? _____
Answer: Radiolucent
Flashcard 312: Which type of ulcer (gastric or duodenal) is more likely to be malignant? _____
Answer: Gastric
Flashcard 313: CMV causes heterophile-_____ mononucleosis
Answer: negative
Flashcard 314: _____ results in white patches in the oral cavity that can be scraped away
Answer: Candida albicans (Candida albicans or Leukoplakia)
Flashcard 315: T-wave inversion may indicate recent _____
Answer: myocardial infarction (MI)
Flashcard 316: _____ is characterized by WBCs in urine with no bacterial growth
Answer: Sterile pyuria
Flashcard 317: What may cause increased insulin levels and normal or decreased C-peptide levels?_____
Answer: Exogenous insulin use
Flashcard 318: _____ vertigo is caused by inner ear etiology (e.g. Meniere disease, BPPV, vestibular nerve infection, semicircular canal debris)
Answer: Peripheral
Flashcard 319: Does a hydrocele transilluminate?_____
Answer: Yes
Flashcard 320: Most notably, the serum tumor marker Calcitonin is seen elevated in _____
Answer: Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Flashcard 321: Which cause of genital ulceration presents with painful vesicles on an erythematous base?_____
Answer: HSV
Flashcard 322: The Schilling test is useful in determining the etiology of vitamin _____ deficiency
Answer: B12
Flashcard 323: What is the appearance uric acid kidney stones on X-ray? _____
Answer: Radiolucent
Flashcard 324: Ischemic colitis may present with the '_____' sign on imaging due to mucosal edema/hemorrhage
Answer: thumbprint
Flashcard 325: The _____ test helps distinguish GI mucosal damage from other causes of malabsorption (e.g. lactose intolerance)
Answer: D-xylose absorption
Flashcard 326: The most common cause of seizure in adults is typically _____
Answer: tumor
Flashcard 327: _____ incontinence is due to incomplete emptying, due to detrusor underactivity or outlet obstruction
Answer: Overflow
Flashcard 328: A positive _____ sign is when minor pressure induces skin separation
Answer: Nikolsky
Flashcard 329: What dermatologic lesion is a vesicle containing pus?_____
Answer: Pustule
Flashcard 330: CEA is elevated in _____ diseases (ex. Crohns, Pancreatitis)
Answer: gastrointestinal
Flashcard 331: Which liver enzyme is increased in various liver/biliary diseases, but NOT in bone disease? _____
Answer: -glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)
Flashcard 332: What is the urine Na+ (mEq/L) in postrenal azotemia? _____
Answer: > 40 mEq/L* ( >40 or <20?)
Flashcard 333: What is a cutaneous complication of Yellow Fever?_____
Answer: Jaundice
Flashcard 334: Is pancreatic insufficiency associated with normal or decreased urinary excretion of D-xylose (D-xylose test)? _____
Answer: Normal
Flashcard 335: In the following group of diseases, what is the most likely ratio of conjugated bilirubin : total bilirubin?_____%Drugs (ex. OCPs)Dubin-Johnson / RotorPrimary Biliary CholangitisObstruction (ex. gallstone)
Answer: >50
Flashcard 336: What pathologies (2) are characterized by hematuria with no casts? _____
Answer: Bladder cancer, Kidney stones
Flashcard 337: _____ results in white patches in the oral cavity that cannot be scraped away
Answer: Leukoplakia (Candida albicans or Leukoplakia)
Flashcard 338: Which cause(s) of painless genital ulceration presents without inguinal lymph node enlargement?_____
Answer: Klebsiella granulomatis (donovanosis)
Flashcard 339: _____ ("cold sores") is characterized by painful, shallow, red ulcers involving the oral mucosa
Answer: Oral herpes
Flashcard 340: If a patient has moderately elevated serum Alkaline phosphatase levels, you should determine if hepatobiliary or bony origin by checking _____ levels
Answer: GGT
Flashcard 341: Do patients with Radial Head Subluxation present with Wrist Drop?_____
Answer: No
Flashcard 342: _____ is the most common cause of sensorineural hearing loss
Answer: CMV
Flashcard 343: Jaundice is due to increased serum _____, typically > 2.5 mg/dL
Answer: bilirubin
Flashcard 344: _____ vertigo may be caused by vestibular nerve infection
Answer: Peripheral
Flashcard 345: Intussusception is characterized by a "_____" appearance on ultrasound
Answer: bull's-eye (target sign)
Flashcard 346: Patients with Cardiac Tamponade have an enlarged "_____" shaped heart on chest x-ray
Answer: water bottle
Flashcard 347: Are tension headaches associated with auras? _____
Answer: No
Flashcard 348: Is idiopathic intracranial hypertension associated with a change in mental status? _____
Answer: No
Flashcard 349: What is the differential diagnosis (2) in a Cushing syndrome patient with elevated ACTH?_____
Answer: 1. Cushing disease (ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma) 2. Ectopic ACTH secretion
Flashcard 350: _____ syndrome presents with jaundice during stress, illness, or fasting
Answer: Gilbert
Flashcard 351: Hydrocephalus ex vacuo is characterized by _____ intracranial pressure (ICP)
Answer: normal
Flashcard 352: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) may damage the _____ of teeth
Answer: enamel
Flashcard 353: Bloody diarrhea is known as _____
Answer: dysentery
Flashcard 354: _____ may be caused by congenital cataracts and toxocariasis.
Answer: Leukocoria (white reflex)
Flashcard 355: Fat necrosis of breast tissue presents as a painless _____ on physical exam
Answer: mass
Flashcard 356: CMV can present with _____ calcifications in the brain
Answer: periventricular
Flashcard 357: What inflammatory dermatitis presents as pruritic, planar, polygonal, purple papules? _____
Answer: Lichen planus
Keywords: Differential diagnosis flashcards, medical flashcards, NEET PG preparation, USMLE Step 1 flashcards, Anki alternative, spaced repetition medical, OnCourse flashcards
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Symptom-based differential diagnosis approach
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System-based differential construction
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Probability ranking in differentials
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Common vs rare disease considerations
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Age and demographic considerations
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Pattern recognition in diagnosis
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Anatomical approach to differential diagnosis
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Syndrome recognition
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Refinement of differential with testing
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Interpreting diagnostic ambiguity
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Ruling in vs ruling out strategies
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Cognitive biases in differential construction
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Integration of diagnostic information
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