Clinical Reasoning — Flashcards
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tuberous sclerosis
What is the most common clinical application for an ELISA?
accuracy (diagnostic testing)
precision (diagnostic testing)
What is the next step in diagnosis for a patient with new-onset epigastric pain, nausea, hypotension, bradycardia and T-wave inversions in leads II, III, aVF? _____
What is the preferred next step for diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease in symptomatic patients? _____
Patients with psoas abscesses frequently position themselves to minimize psoas stretching and discomfort by engaging hip _____ and positioning into lumbar lordosis
What is test used to measure bone density? _____
Which diagnostic test is used to detect EBV infection? _____
Reticulocyte count in anemia can be corrected by multiplying reticulocyte count by _____
Clinical Reasoning US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Clinical Reasoning with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Clinical Reasoning Flashcard Deck - 749 Cards
Flashcard 1: tuberous sclerosis
Answer:
Extra: cutaneous angiofibromas (adenoma sebaceum), hypopigmented "ash leaf" spots, seizures, mental retardation, cortical and retinal hamartomas, renal cysts and angiomyolipomas, cardiac rhabdomyomas, astrocytomas AD, but incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity TSC1/TSC2
Flashcard 2: What is the most common clinical application for an ELISA?
Answer: detection of antibodies in patient blood sample
Flashcard 3: accuracy (diagnostic testing)
Answer: the "trueness" of a test's results
Flashcard 4: precision (diagnostic testing)
Answer: consistency and reproducibility of a test's results
Flashcard 5: What is the next step in diagnosis for a patient with new-onset epigastric pain, nausea, hypotension, bradycardia and T-wave inversions in leads II, III, aVF? _____
Answer: Right-sided precordial ECG
Extra: Watch Stable Angina, Vasospastic Angina, & Acute Coronary Syndromes (UA, NSTEMI, STEMI) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-cardiac/videos/medical-pathophysiology-cardiac-ischemic-heart-disease-stable-angina-vasospastic-angina-and-acute-coronary-syndromes-ua-nstemi-stemi?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 6: What is the preferred next step for diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease in symptomatic patients? _____
Answer: Ankle-brachial index (ABI) with Doppler (ABI is <0.9 in PAD)
Extra: * systolic BP of ankles divided by systolic BP of upper extemities Watch Peripheral Artery Disease [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-vascular/videos/medical-pathophysiology-vascular-atherosclerosis-peripheral-artery-disease?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-subspecialty/vascular/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 7: Patients with psoas abscesses frequently position themselves to minimize psoas stretching and discomfort by engaging hip _____ and positioning into lumbar lordosis
Answer: flexion
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 8: What is test used to measure bone density? _____
Answer: DEXA scan
Extra: Watch Osteoporosis & Paget Disease of Bone [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-derm/videos/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-and-derm-bone-osteoporosis-and-paget-disease-of-bone?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 9: Which diagnostic test is used to detect EBV infection? _____
Answer: Monospot Test
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 10: Reticulocyte count in anemia can be corrected by multiplying reticulocyte count by _____
Answer: Hct/45
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/normocytic-anemia?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/normocytic-anemia/acquire?ref=anki Other:
Flashcard 11: Viral meningitis is associated with _____ or _____ protein in the CSF
Answer: normal
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 12: Fibrotic changes in IPF appear as bilateral or diffuse reticular opacities, most prominent in _____ lobes on CXR/CT
Answer: lower
Extra: Watch Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-restrictive-lung-disease-idiopathic-pulmonary-fibrosis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/restrictive-lung-disease?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/restrictive-lung-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 13: New bleeding on subdural bleeding "acute on chronic" will appear as _____dense areas on non-contrast CT
Answer: hyper
Extra: Watch Epidural Hematoma, Subdural Hematoma, & Subarachnoid Hemorrhage [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-neuro/videos/medical-pathophysiology-neuro-cerebrovascular-epidural-hematoma-subdural-hematoma-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/aneurysms-and-intracranial-hemorrhage?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 14: A(n) _____ is typically used to diagnose spinal stenosis or other vertebral pathology (ex. osteomyelitis) in patients who cannot undergo MRI
Answer: CT Myelogram
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/radiculopathy?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 15: What test for tuberculosis does not cross-react with BCG vaccine? _____
Answer: Quantiferon Gold assay
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/vaccinations/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 16: Which immunodeficiency may be diagnosed with the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test? _____
Answer: Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/immunodeficiency/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 17: What is the definitive test for diagnosing Legionnaires' disease (Legionella pneumophila)? _____
Answer: Sputum culture
Extra: Watch Legionella pneumophila [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-negative-bacilli-respiratory-tract-legionella-pneumophila?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/pneumonia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 18: What is the order in which loss of orientation to person, place, and time occurs? _____ -> _____ -> _____
Answer: Time
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/memory-dissociation-and-orientation?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 19: A positive _____ sign is when percussion of the wrist causes tingling
Answer: Tinel
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gross-anatomy/videos/hand?index=9] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 20: Sigmoid volvulus is associated with the "_____" sign on X-ray
Answer: coffee bean
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/intestinal-pathology?index=9] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/small-bowel/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 21: On a non-contrast head CT, acute bleeding appears as _____ lesions
Answer: hyperattenuated (bright)
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/aneurysms-and-intracranial-hemorrhage?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 22: CMV can result in _____-megaly on head CT scans
Answer: ventriculo
Extra: Watch Cytomegalovirus (Herpesviridae) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-dna-viruses-cytomegalovirus-herpesviridae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 23: Obstructive jaundice is associated with dark urine due to increased urine _____
Answer: conjugated bilirubin
Extra: Watch Lab Evaluation of Liver Injury & Hyperbilirubinemia [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-gallbladder-and-biliary-tract-disease-lab-evaluation-of-liver-injury-and-hyperbilirubinemia?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/physiology?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/jaundice/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 24: The gold standard for diagnosis of cystitis is culture showing > _____ colony forming units
Answer: 100,000
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/uti/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 25: Consolidation (lobar pneumonia, pulmonary edema) may present with _____ breath sounds along with: - Egophony - Bronchophony - Whispered Pectoriloquy
Answer: bronchial
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-special-topics?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/pneumonia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 26: _____ antibodies are diagnostic for pernicious anemia
Answer: Anti-intrinsic factor
Extra: Watch Megaloblastic Anemia Folate Deficiency & Vitamin B Deficiency [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-blood-coagulation/videos/medical-pathophysiology-blood-and-coagulation-normocytic-and-macrocytic-anemias-megaloblastic-anemia-folate-deficiency-and-vitamin-b12-deficiency?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/macrocytic-anemia?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/macrocytic-anemia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 27: ASD has a(n) _____ bubble study on cardiac echo
Answer: +
Extra: Watch Left to Right Shunts [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-cardiac/videos/medical-pathophysiology-cardiac-congenital-heart-disease-left-to-right-shunts?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/acyanotic-congenital-heart-defects?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 28: What is the initial step for evaluation of suspected hereditary hemochromatosis? _____
Answer: Iron studies
Extra: * abnormal iron sensing due to mutation of DMT1 Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=20] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 29: New-onset _____ bundle branch block may be diagnostic of acute myocardial infarction
Answer: left
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 30: What mode of imaging is the best for detecting acute osteomyelitis? _____
Answer: MRI
Extra: From microbiology section: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 31: The T score in DEXA scanning is a comparison of a patient's bone density to _____
Answer: a young adult
Extra: Watch Osteoporosis & Paget Disease of Bone [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-derm/videos/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-and-derm-bone-osteoporosis-and-paget-disease-of-bone?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 32: What type of upper airway obstruction is depicted by the following flow-volume loop? _____
Answer: Variable extrathoracic obstruction
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 33: Trochanteric bursitis is often seen more in _____
Answer: women
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gross-anatomy/videos/anterior-and-medial-thigh-knee?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 34: What imaging modality may be used to visualize uric acid kidney stones? _____
Answer: Ultrasound
Extra: Watch Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate (MAP) Stones, Uric Acid Stones, & Cystine Stones [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-urinary-tract-obstruction-magnesium-ammonium-phosphate-map-stones-uric-acid-stones-and-cystine-stones?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/nephrolithiasis?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/kidney-stones/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 35: What may be seen on spiral CT in a patient with a pulmonary embolism? _____
Answer: Vascular filling defects
Extra: Watch Deep Vein Thrombosis & Pulmonary Embolism [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-acute-lung-disorders-deep-vein-thrombosis-and-pulmonary-embolism?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-special-topics?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/pulmonary-embolism/acquire?ref=anki Pulmonary embolism CT scan of the chest (IV contrast; axial section) The contrast-free areas in the pulmonary arteries (green overlay, not hatched) represent thrombi, indicating a pulmonary embolism. A: ascending aorta; D: descending aorta; T: pulmonary trunk; V: superior vena cava Occlusive pulmonary embolism CT scan of the chest (IV contrast; axial section) A filling defect (contrast-free area; green overlay) is visible in the left pulmonary artery. The absence of a rim of contrast surrounding the filling defect indicates that the thrombus is occlusive.
Flashcard 36: Dilated loops of colon and air-fluid levels on x-ray is suggestive of _____
Answer: large bowel obstruction
Extra: * air-fluid levels = horizontal contrast lines * Dilated loops of bowel = dark pockets of gas Watch Large Bowel & Appendiceal Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-gi/videos/medical-pathophysiology-gi-colorectal-and-anal-disorders-large-bowel-and-appendiceal-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 37: The lactose hydrogen breath test is positive for lactose malabsorption if the post-lactose breath hydrogen rises _____ ppm compared with baseline
Answer: > 20
Extra: Watch Lactase Deficiency [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-biochemistry/units/medical-biochemistry-metabolism/videos/medical-biochemistry-metabolism-carbohydrates-lactase-deficiency?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/intestinal-pathology?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/small-bowel/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 38: An individual who is immuno-_____, with vesicles in a(n) V1 distribution and vision loss may have Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus
Answer: compromised
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 39: Does benign prostatic hyperplasia increase risk of cancer? _____
Answer: No
Extra: Watch Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) & Prostate Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-male-gu-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-bph-and-prostate-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/musculoskeletal/videos/high-yield-step-1-anatomy?index=45] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/inflammation-and-neoplasia/cellular-adaptations/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 40: What is the earliest sign of jaundice? _____
Answer: Scleral icterus
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/pancreatic-and-biliary-pathology?index=9] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/jaundice/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 41: What is the appearance of cystine kidney stones on X-ray? _____
Answer: Faintly radioopaque
Extra: *sketchy simplifies this to just "radiolucent," but it might be worth knowing that cystine is slightly more opaque than uric acid Watch Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate (MAP) Stones, Uric Acid Stones, & Cystine Stones [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-urinary-tract-obstruction-magnesium-ammonium-phosphate-map-stones-uric-acid-stones-and-cystine-stones?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/nephrolithiasis?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/kidney-stones/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 42: Diagnosis of tapeworms occurs with identification of _____ and eggs in stool
Answer: proglottids
Extra: Watch Cestodes [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-parasites/videos/medical-microbiology-parasites-helminths-trematodes-and-cestodes-cestodes?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 43: What is the diagnostic cutoff for fasting plasma glucose for a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus? _____
Answer: ≥126 mg/dL
Extra: Watch Diabetes Mellitus Pathogenesis & Acute Clinical Manifestations [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-diabetes-diabetes-mellitus-pathogenesis-and-acute-clinical-manifestations?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 44: Individuals with H. pylori who are taking _____ may have a false-negative urease test
Answer: proton-pump inhibitors (PPI)
Extra: Watch Helicobacter pylori [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-negative-bacilli-enteric-tract-helicobacter-pylori?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/esophageal-and-gastric-pathology?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 45: Hemothorax and chylothorax present with _____ to percussion on the affected side
Answer: dullness
Extra: Watch Pneumothorax [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-acute-lung-disorders-pneumothorax?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-special-topics?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary-hypertension?ref=anki
Flashcard 46: Epiglottitis with a '_____' sign on imaging is classic for Haemophilus influenzae infection
Answer: thumb-print
Extra: Watch Haemophilus influenzae [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-negative-bacilli-respiratory-tract-haemophilus-influenzae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 47: Is pancreatic insufficiency associated with normal or decreased urinary excretion of D-xylose (D-xylose test)? _____
Answer: Normal
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/pancreatic-and-biliary-pathology?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/malabsorption/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 48: What pathology is indicated on the ECG below? _____
Answer: Ventricular fibrillation
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/ventricular-arrhythmias?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 49: Pneumothorax presents with _____ breath sounds on the affected side
Answer: diminished
Extra: Watch Pneumothorax [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-acute-lung-disorders-pneumothorax?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-special-topics?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary-hypertension?ref=anki Same for emphysema air is present outside the lung in the thoracic cavity, which insulates breath sounds and vibration (fremitus) originating within the lung
Flashcard 50: Ischemic strokes may be visualized on _____ after 6 - 24 hours
Answer: CT
Extra: whereas MRI may be visulized as early as 30 minutes https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 51: _____ Syphilis is characterized by "saddle-shaped" nose
Answer: Congenital
Extra: Watch Treponema pallidum [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-spirochetes-treponema-pallidum?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 52: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with severe epigastric pain radiating to the back and peripancreatic edema/hemorrhage on CT? _____
Answer: Acute necrotizing pancreatitis
Extra: Watch Acute & Chronic Pancreatitis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-pancreatic-disease-acute-and-chronic-pancreatitis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/pancreatic-and-biliary-pathology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 53: Multicystic dysplastic kidney is often diagnosed prenatally via _____
Answer: ultrasound
Extra: Watch Congenital & Cystic Kidney Disease [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-congenital-and-chronic-kidney-disease-congenital-and-cystic-kidney-disease?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 54: _____ lymphadenopathy is usually seen in lymph nodes that are draining a region of acute infection
Answer: Painful
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/leukemias-and-lymphomas?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/leukemia/acquire?ref=anki Atlas: Other:
Flashcard 55: De Quervain Tenosynovitis can be diagnosed with the Finkelstein Test, in which pain is elicited over the radial styloid with _____ deviation of the hand while the thumb is flexed in the palm
Answer: ulnar
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 56: Diagnosis of meningitis is made by _____
Answer: lumbar puncture
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 57: A diagnosis of parotitis is confirmed by _____
Answer: imaging (ultrasound / CT)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 58: Diagnosis of active primary tuberculosis is made by chest x-ray (CXR) demonstrating a(n) _____ complex and _____ effusion
Answer: Ghon
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 59: What form of imaging is more sensitive for detecting ischemic stroke? _____
Answer: MRI
Extra: Watch Ischemic & Hemorrhagic Stroke [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-neuro/videos/medical-pathophysiology-neuro-cerebrovascular-ischemic-and-hemorrhagic-stroke?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 60: A decreased % of which form of PSA is suggestive of prostatic adenocarcinoma? _____
Answer: Free-PSA (cancer makes bound-PSA)
Extra: Watch Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) & Prostate Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-male-gu-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-bph-and-prostate-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal/prostate/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 61: One criteria for diagnosis of acute pancreatitis is increased serum _____ or lipase
Answer: amylase
Extra: Watch Acute & Chronic Pancreatitis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-pancreatic-disease-acute-and-chronic-pancreatitis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/pancreatic-and-biliary-pathology?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 62: What is the appearance calcium kidney stones on X-ray and CT? _____
Answer: Radiopaque
Extra: Watch Calcium Oxalate Stones & Calcium Phosphate Stones [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-urinary-tract-obstruction-calcium-oxalate-stones-and-calcium-phosphate-stones?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/nephrolithiasis?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/kidney-stones/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 63: If a patient has moderately elevated serum Alkaline phosphatase levels, you should determine if hepatobiliary or bony origin by checking _____ levels
Answer: GGT
Extra: Watch Lab Evaluation of Liver Injury & Hyperbilirubinemia [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-gallbladder-and-biliary-tract-disease-lab-evaluation-of-liver-injury-and-hyperbilirubinemia?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/pancreatic-and-biliary-pathology?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 64: Elevated PTH may produce a(n) “_____” appearance of the skull on radiograph image
Answer: salt and pepper
Extra: Watch Parathyroid Gland Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-thyroid-and-parathyroid-parathyroid-gland-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine?ref=anki
Flashcard 65: CSF analysis in _____ syndrome will reveal albuminocytologic dissociation
Answer: Guillain-Barré
Extra: Watch Influenzavirus (Orthomyxoviridae) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-rna-viruses-negative-sense-influenzavirus-orthomyxoviridae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Guillain Barre & Charcot Marie Tooth [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-rna-viruses-negative-sense-influenzavirus-orthomyxoviridae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/demyelinating-disease?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/weakness/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 66: Large doses of vitamin C can give false _____ stool guaiac results
Answer: negative
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 67: Anemia is defined as Hb < _____ g/dL in males
Answer: 13.5
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/microcytic-anemia?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Other:
Flashcard 68: Tinea cruris affects the _____
Answer: groin
Extra: Watch Epidermophyton spp., Trichophyton spp., Microsporum spp. (dermatophytes) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-fungi/videos/medical-microbiology-fungi-cutaneous-mycoses-epidermophyton-spp-trichophyton-spp-microsporum-spp-dermatophytes?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/dermatology/superficial-skin-infections/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 69: A positive _____ sign and Phalen maneuver are suggestive of carpal tunnel syndrome
Answer: Tinel
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gross-anatomy/videos/hand?index=9] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 70: Diagnosis of diabetes insipidus is aided by the _____ test
Answer: water deprivation
Extra: Watch Diabetes Insipidus & SIADH [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-disorders-diabetes-insipidus-and-siadh?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/electrolytes?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 71: The following CXR is highly suggestive of what restrictive pulmonary pathology in a ~ 50 year old man? _____
Answer: Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Extra: Watch Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-restrictive-lung-disease-idiopathic-pulmonary-fibrosis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/restrictive-lung-disease?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/restrictive-lung-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 72: Emphysema may present with _____ lung field lucency on CXR
Answer: increased
Extra: Watch COPD & Emphysema [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-obstructive-lung-disease-copd-and-emphysema?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/obstructive-lung-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 73: Cystitis is characterized by positive _____ due to pyuria
Answer: leukocyte esterase
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/uti/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 74: Overflow incontinence is associated with _____ post-void residual on catheterization or ultrasound
Answer: increased
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/urinary-incontinence?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/urinary-incontinence/acquire?ref=anki Overflow = think of things that stop outflow and cause overflow - therefore there's more urine leftover
Flashcard 75: A positive _____ sign is when minor pressure induces skin separation
Answer: Nikolsky
Extra: Watch Staph aureus [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-positive-cocci-staphylococcus-aureus?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 76: What opening pressure (lumbar puncture) is associated with bacterial meningitis? _____
Answer: Increased pressure
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 77: _____ antibody is specific for rheumatoid arthritis
Answer: Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP)
Extra: * Female, HLA-DR4, smoking, and rheumatoid factor are other predisposing factors. * joints contain abundant citrullinated type 2 collagen Watch Rheumatoid Arthritis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-derm/videos/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-and-derm-joint-rheumatoid-arthritis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/approach-to-joint-pain/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 78: Acute _____ is diagnosed by 2 of 3 criteria: - Acute epigastric pain that radiates to the back - Increased serum amylase or lipase to 3x upper limit of normal - Characteristic imaging findings
Answer: pancreatitis
Extra: Watch Acute & Chronic Pancreatitis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-pancreatic-disease-acute-and-chronic-pancreatitis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/pancreatic-and-biliary-pathology?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 79: Meckel diverticulum is diagnosed using a(n) _____ study for uptake by heterotopic gastric mucosa
Answer: 99mTc-pertechnetate
Extra: Watch Congenital GI Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-gi/videos/medical-pathophysiology-gi-small-bowel-disorders-congenital-gi-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/colorectal-pathology?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/small-bowel/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 80: In hydronephrosis, the dilation occurs _____ to the site of pathology
Answer: proximal
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 81: Air-fluid levels, "transition point", and epigastric distension are x-ray findings that may be seen in _____
Answer: small bowel obstruction
Extra: * Wide to narrow half-pipe transition= "transition point" (location of obstruction, point where dilated proximal bowel meets normal distal bowel); * Black cloud graffiti= air-fluid levels (horizontal contrast line) *Distended abomen yellow shirt boy = distended bowel Watch Small Bowel Obstruction, Ileus & Hernias [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-gi/videos/medical-pathophysiology-gi-small-bowel-disorders-small-bowel-obstruction-ileus-and-hernias?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/intestinal-pathology?index=9] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/small-bowel/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 82: _____ is used to confirm diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia
Answer: Bronchoalveolar lavage
Extra: Watch Pneumocystis jirovecii [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-fungi/videos/medical-microbiology-fungi-opportunistic-fungal-infections-pneumocystis-jirovecii?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/pneumonia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 83: Diagnosis of myasthenia gravis with edrophonium has been replaced by _____ tests
Answer: anti-AChR-Ab
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics Watch Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-parasympathetic-acetylcholinesterase-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/neuromuscular-junction-nmj?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 84: What is the likely diagnosis in a young patient with nausea/vomiting, weight loss, and polydipsia? Labs are significant for low HCO3- and high blood glucose/K+ levels. _____
Answer: Diabetic ketoacidosis
Extra: * e.g. nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain Watch Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) & Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-diabetes-diabetic-ketoacidosis-dka-and-hyperosmolar-hyperglycemic-state-hhs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/crash-course-in-medicine/diabetic-ketoacidosis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 85: What is the appearance of ammonium magnesium phosphate kidney stones on X-ray and CT? _____
Answer: Radiopaque
Extra: Watch Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate (MAP) Stones, Uric Acid Stones, & Cystine Stones [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-urinary-tract-obstruction-magnesium-ammonium-phosphate-map-stones-uric-acid-stones-and-cystine-stones?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/nephrolithiasis?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/kidney-stones/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 86: The diagnosis of G6PD deficiency is confirmed via _____ studies, which are performed weeks after a hemolytic episode resolves
Answer: enzyme
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/normocytic-anemia?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/normocytic-anemia/acquire?ref=anki Other:
Flashcard 87: The confirmatory test for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip is a(n) _____
Answer: ultrasound
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 88: Acute pyelonephritis may be characterized by _____ parenchymal enhancement of the kidney on CT
Answer: striated
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/uti/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 89: What is the preferred diagnostic study for suspected aortic dissection in hemodynamically stable patients with normal renal function? _____
Answer: CT angiography
Extra: Watch Aortic Aneurysm [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-vascular/videos/medical-pathophysiology-vascular-hypertension-aortic-aneurysm?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Aortic Dissection [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-vascular/videos/medical-pathophysiology-vascular-hypertension-aortic-dissection?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 90: Patients with Staphylococcus saprophyticus infections typically present with UTIs and _____ (symptoms include dysuria, polyuria, and abdominal pain/discomfort)
Answer: cystitis
Extra: Watch Staph epidermidis & saprophyticus [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-positive-cocci-staphylococcus-epidermidis-and-saprophyticus?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 91: The imaging test of choice for deep venous thrombosis is _____
Answer: compression ultrasound
Extra: Watch Deep Vein Thrombosis & Pulmonary Embolism [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-acute-lung-disorders-deep-vein-thrombosis-and-pulmonary-embolism?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-special-topics?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 92: The next step in diagnosis for suspected myelodysplastic syndrome is _____
Answer: bone marrow biopsy
Extra: Watch Myeloproliferative Neoplasms & Myelodysplastic Syndromes [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-myeloid-lymphoid/videos/medical-pathophysiology-myeloid-and-lymphoid-myeloid-disorders-myeloproliferative-neoplasms-and-myelodysplastic-syndromes?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/myeloproliferative-disorders/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 93: What is the diagnostic test of choice for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis? _____
Answer: Nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/monoarticuloarthropathy/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 94: Is tropical sprue associated with normal or decreased urinary excretion of D-xylose (D-xylose test)? _____
Answer: Decreased
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/intestinal-pathology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/malabsorption/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 95: Chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis in a cystic fibrosis patient leads to a(n) _____ pattern on CXR
Answer: reticulonodular
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/obstructive-lung-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 96: What is the diagnostic cutoff for HbA1c for a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus? _____
Answer: ≥6.5%
Extra: Watch Diabetes Mellitus Pathogenesis & Acute Clinical Manifestations [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-diabetes-diabetes-mellitus-pathogenesis-and-acute-clinical-manifestations?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 97: Discrete areas of functional "hot" nodules after radioactive iodine (I-131) uptake is suggestive of _____
Answer: toxic multinodular goiter
Extra: Watch Hyperthyroidism Overview & Graves Disease [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-thyroid-and-parathyroid-hyperthyroidism-overview-and-graves-disease?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 98: What is the likely diagnosis in a chronic smoker that develops hypertension, hyperglycemia, and weight gain? _____
Answer: Cushing's syndrome (likely ectopic production of ACTH due to small cell lung carcinoma)
Extra: Watch Lung Carcinoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-lung-cancer-lung-carcinoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Cushings Syndrome [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-neuro/videos/medical-pathophysiology-neuro-cerebrovascular-ischemic-and-hemorrhagic-stroke?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-cancer?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/lung-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 99: _____ is associated with a positive tourniquet test, which results in petechiae after blood pressure cuff inflation
Answer: Dengue fever
Extra: Watch Flaviviridae overview [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-rna-viruses-positive-sense-flaviviridae-overview?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 100: Acute urinary tract obstruction (e.g. urolithiasis, surgical injury) may present with what clinical symptoms? _____
Answer: Sharp flank pain radiating to groin, hematuria, nausea/ vomiting
Extra: Watch Hydronephrosis & Urinary Tract Obstruction [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-urinary-tract-obstruction-hydronephrosis-and-urinary-tract-obstruction?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 101: Large myocardial infarctions lead to _____ elevations in troponin I and CK-MB
Answer: greater
Extra: Watch Stable Angina, Vasospastic Angina, & Acute Coronary Syndromes (UA, NSTEMI, STEMI) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-cardiac/videos/medical-pathophysiology-cardiac-ischemic-heart-disease-stable-angina-vasospastic-angina-and-acute-coronary-syndromes-ua-nstemi-stemi?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/myocardial-infarction?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 102: What mnemonic is used to help in the diagnosis of measles (rubeola)? _____
Answer: 4 C's (cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, koplik spots)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 103: A collapsed lung may present as a(n) _____ on chest X-ray
Answer: completely opacified hemithorax
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-special-topics?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 104: Diagnosis of parathyroid disease summary: no answer _____
Answer: :)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine?ref=anki
Flashcard 105: Nephritic syndrome is associated with _____ BUN and creatinine
Answer: increased
Extra: Watch Nephritic Syndrome [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-glomerulopathy-nephritic-syndrome?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/nephrotic-syndromes?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal/nephritic-syndrome/acquire?ref=anki Step Up to Medicine:
Flashcard 106: What heart sound is the best indicator of severity in patients with acute MR? _____ **bonus: absence of this can exclude what murmur?
Answer: S3
Extra: Watch Mitral Valve Regurgitation & Prolapse [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-cardiac/videos/medical-pathophysiology-cardiac-valvular-disorders-mitral-valve-regurgitation-and-prolapse?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Aortic Stenosis & Regurgitation [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-cardiac/videos/medical-pathophysiology-cardiac-myocardial-and-pericardial-disorders-dilated-and-restrictive-cardiomyopathy?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 107: Patients who have Rhabdomyolysis are diagnosed by observing a(n) creatine kinase level greater than _____ u/L
Answer: 1000
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 108: What is used to diagnose vestibular schwannoma (acoustic neuroma)? _____
Answer: MRI of the internal auditory canals
Extra: Watch Neurofibromatosis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-neuro/videos/medical-pathophysiology-neuro-congenital-and-neurocutaneous-neurofibromatosis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/adult-primary-brain-tumors?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 109: If a patient's ptosis is due to myasthenia gravis, application of a(n) _____ over the eyelids will result in improvement in ptosis
Answer: ice pack
Extra: Watch Myasthenia Gravis & Lambert Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-derm/videos/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-and-derm-muscle-myasthenia-gravis-and-lambert-eaton-myasthenic-syndrome?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/neuromuscular-junction-nmj?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 110: What is the diagnosis of a patient with abrupt cartoid distension and collapse on physical exam and "pistol-shot" femoral pulses upon auscultation? _____
Answer: Aortic regurgitation
Extra: Watch Aortic Stenosis & Regurgitation [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-cardiac/videos/medical-pathophysiology-cardiac-valvular-disorders-aortic-stenosis-and-regurgitation?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 111: Thick peripheral rim enhancement on MRI is the characteristic appearance of _____
Answer: glioblastomas
Extra: Watch Adult CNS Tumors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-neuro/videos/medical-pathophysiology-neuro-intracranial-hypertension-and-tumors-adult-cns-tumors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/adult-primary-brain-tumors?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 112: Chest X-ray of left-sided heart failure may reveal _____ (dark airway against opacified interstitium) and cardiomegaly
Answer: air bronchogram
Extra: Watch Congestive Heart Failure Clinical Manifestations [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-cardiac/videos/medical-pathophysiology-cardiac-heart-failure-congestive-heart-failure-clinical-manifestations?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/heart-failure?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/heart-failure/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 113: Solitary Lung Nodule: 1) _____ 2) CT scan if (1) is not available or growth
Answer: Compare with old x-ray
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Flashcard 114: Chronic HCV diagnosis requires both a serologic test for the HCV antibody and a confirmatory _____ for the presence of _____
Answer: molecular test
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Flashcard 115: What does the drop arm test test for? _____
Answer: Rotator cuff tears (particularly the supraspinatus tendon)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 116: What is the likely diagnosis? _____
Answer: Erythema multiforme
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/dermatology/hypersensitivity/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 117: Pneumatic insufflation → tense, immobile membrane = _____
Answer: otitis media
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Flashcard 118: The next best test following a pulmonary nodule found on X-ray with possible growth is _____
Answer: Chest CT
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Flashcard 119: Why is an abdominal ultrasound not the best initial imaging modality for patients with suspected chronic pancreatitis? _____
Answer: Pancreas is a retroperitoneal organ that is not easily visualized through the overlying bowel loops
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/pancreatitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 120: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with low urine osmolality that improves by > 50% following administration of desmopressin? _____
Answer: Central diabetes insipidus
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/urology/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 121: Acute otitis media and mastoid swelling/anteriorly rotated ear is suggestive of _____ with CT scan
Answer: mastoiditis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki - Needs surgical drainage - Mastoidectomy: is indicated in severe cases that do not improve with antibiotics + tympanostomy
Flashcard 122: What is the likely diagnosis in an African-American male that presents with fever, jaundice, dark urine and the peripheral smear below? _____
Answer: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency
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Flashcard 123: A loud P2 implies _____
Answer: pulmonary hypertension
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Flashcard 124: Scuba diver develops SOB, chest pain, hyperresonance to percussion and decrease in breath sounds is suggestive of _____
Answer: pneumothorax
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Flashcard 125: A postviral patient who develops RBC casts: _____
Answer: IgA nephropathy glomerulonephritis
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Flashcard 126: Below is a CXR of a patient with _____
Answer: diaphragmatic perforation
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Flashcard 127: Multiple small pustules localized to hair follicles on any body surface? _____
Answer: Folliculitis
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Flashcard 128: What is the most accurate test of ejection fraction? _____
Answer: Nuclear ventriculography; multiple-gated acquisition scan (MUGA)
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Flashcard 129: What is the management in a patient with asymptomatic proteinuria? _____
Answer: First morning urine protein/creatinine ratio
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Flashcard 130: Ultrasound shows thin walled, dilated gallbladder is suggestive of _____
Answer: distal tumor
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Flashcard 131: Rule out fracture = _____
Answer: X-ray (> 2 views perpendicular to each other)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-subspecialty/ortho-injuries/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 132: Preceding sore throat → sandpaper skin that eventually desquamates (peels), strawberry tongue and circumoral pallor is suggestive of _____
Answer: Scarlet fever
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/peds-infectious-rashes/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 133: What do decreased pulmonary markings mean? _____
Answer: Pulmonary undercirculation
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Flashcard 134: How do you diagnose HIV during the asymptomatic infection (pre-AIDS)? Screen: _____ Confirm: _____
Answer: ELISA
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/hiv/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 135: Osteoporosis is defined as a(n) _____ at least _____ standard deviations below normal
Answer: bone mineral density
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Flashcard 136: What is the initial imaging study of choice in a patient that presents to the ED after an unprovoked first seizure? _____
Answer: CT head without contrast
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/seizure/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 137: What is the most appropriate and confirmatory diagnostic step for suspected primary adrenal insufficiency? _____
Answer: Cosyntropin or ACTH stimulation test
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Flashcard 138: Bone minimal density (DEXA) ≤ -1.0 is _____
Answer: osteopenia
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Flashcard 139: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with unilateral hearing loss with a dull, hypomobile tympanic membrane with air-fluid level behind the TM on otoscopic exam? _____
Answer: Serous otitis media (otitis media with effusion)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 140: If hypoglycemia is not present at the time of evaluation, a(n) _____ is indicated
Answer: 72-hour fasting test
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Flashcard 141: Young patient with hypertensive emergency (blood pressure 185/125 mm Hg, papilledema, severe headache, confusion, and vomiting) and an abdominal bruit on examination that is best heard at the right costovertebral angle is suggestive of _____
Answer: fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/adrenals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 142: What is the best initial test for carcinoid tumor? _____
Answer: Urinary 5-HIAA
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/chronic-diarrhea/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 143: Atretic or anatomically stenosed connection between the nose and throat is suggestive of _____
Answer: choanal atresia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 144: Herpes simplex virus is definitively diagnosed with _____ or _____
Answer: cultures
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/genital-ulcers/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 145: Asthma, eosinophils and p-ANCA is suggestive of _____
Answer: churg-strauss syndrome
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/vasculitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 146: Palpable subcutaneous lesion > 1 cm = _____
Answer: nodule
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/dermatology/hyperpigmentation/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 147: A pt is found to have microcytic anemia after his MCV is found to be < 80. What is the most appropriate next step in workup regardless of etiology? _____
Answer: Iron studies (ferritin)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 148: Other than X-ray, what is another appropriate step in evaluation of rotator cuff tears? _____
Answer: Musculoskeletal ultraound (MSUS)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 149: A pt presents with burning/pain/numbness in the sole of her right foot that worsens with walking. Which nerve is most likely affected? _____
Answer: Tibial nerve
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Flashcard 150: "Thumb-sign" on lateral X-ray: _____
Answer: H. influenzae, epiglottitis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/upper-airway/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 151: Cholangiocarcinoma is dx with _____
Answer: ERCP w/ bx
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/jaundice/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 152: Below is a CXR of a patient with _____
Answer: sarcoidosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/dpld/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 153: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient who recently emigrated from Mexico and presents with fever, RUQ pain, and bloody diarrhea with a subcapsular liver cyst visible on CT? _____
Answer: Amoebiasis (liver abscess secondary to Entamoeba histolytica)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 154: Inability to flex middle finger but pops with forced flexion is suggestive of _____
Answer: trigger finger
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-subspecialty/ortho-hand/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 155: What is the best initial test for Myasthenia Gravis? _____
Answer: Anti-ACh Receptor antibody test
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/weakness/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 156: How is endotracheal tube placement confirmed? _____
Answer: End-tidal CO2
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-trauma/shock/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 157: Patient presents with chorea, dementia, and caudate/putamen degeneration is suggestive of _____
Answer: Huntington disease
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/tremor/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 158: When the likelihood of pulmonary embolism is low, do a(n) _____ to rule it out.
Answer: D-dimer test
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 159: What biliary disease is characterized by a "beads-on-a-string" appearance on MRCP? _____
Answer: Primary sclerosing cholangitis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 160: What is the next step in management for patients with hyperbilirubinemia and a predominantly cholestatic pattern of liver function? _____
Answer: Abdominal ultrasound (or CT)
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Flashcard 161: _____
Answer: :)
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Flashcard 162: What is the likely diagnosis in a cancer patient with hypotension, JVD, hypoxia and clear lungs? _____
Answer: Massive pulmonary embolism
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Flashcard 163: Weber test localizes to left ear → pt hears AC > BC bilaterally → _____
Answer: right-sided sensorineural hearing loss
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 164: Smoker with persistent hoarseness and lesion on the vocal cord is suggestive of _____
Answer: laryngeal SCC
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 165: Rapid Diagnosis Thydroid function test shows _____ in congenital hypothyroidism.
Answer: high TSH and low free T4
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 166: Diagnostics of meconium ileus? 1) _____ showing gas-filled plug 2) _____ showing microcolon
Answer: X-ray
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/failure-to-pass-meconium/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 167: Telescoping of the bowel into itself → vascular compromise is suggestive of _____
Answer: intussusception
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gi-bleed/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 168: hyaline casts in urine is most likely caused by _____
Answer: hypovolemia (concentrated urine)
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Flashcard 169: _____
Answer: :)
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Flashcard 170: Low risk of PE = _____ High risk of PE = _____
Answer: D-dimer
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/pulmonary-embolism/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 171: Upper vs. Lower GI Bleeding: Diagnose Upper GI bleed with EGD Diagnose Lower GI bleed with _____ (fast bleeding) Diagnose Lower GI bleed with _____ (slow bleeding) Diagnose Lower GI bleed with _____ (no bleeding)
Answer: Arteriogram
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gi-bleed/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 172: Asymmetric red reflex is suggestive of _____
Answer: strabismus
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 173: How does postconcussive syndrome present? _____
Answer: Headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, mood alterations, and sleep disturbances
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 174: Ortolani and Barlow maneuvers → click with hip flexion is suggestive of _____
Answer: developmental dysplasia of the hip
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/orthopedics/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 175: Under what conditions should a patient with a breast lump receive a mammogram and core needle biopsy? 1) The patient is older than _____ years old 2) The ultrasound shows a(n) _____ 3) The aspirate is _____ 4) The cyst _____
Answer: 30
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/breast-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 176: Test of choice for oropharyngeal dysphagia = _____
Answer: videofluoroscopic modified barium swallow
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 177: How does bowel obstruction present on KUB? _____
Answer: Air-fluid levels with decompressed bowel beyond the obstruction
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 178: Perivalvular thickening with an echolucent cavity describes a(n) _____
Answer: perivalvular abscess
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Flashcard 179: Deceleration injuries → coup & contra-coup injuries → loss of consciousness. CT shows intraparenchymal punctate hemorrhages: _____
Answer: Cerebral contusion
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/preventable-trauma/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 180: Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs) = _____
Answer: primary biliary cirrhosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki mitochondrial / mom / women
Flashcard 181: Fever after anesthesia (halothane, succinylcholine) or fever > 104: _____
Answer: Malignant hyperthermia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/postop-fever/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 182: LLQ pain, change in bowel habits and blood in stool is suggestive of _____
Answer: diverticulosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/diverticula/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 183: Irregular, nonlobular infiltrates in the setting of blunt thoracic trauma is suggestive of _____
Answer: pulmonary contusion
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Flashcard 184: Immunocompromised adult (>60) Prodromal pain Dermatomal vesicular rash Never crosses midline _____
Answer: Herpes zoster (shingles)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/peds-infectious-rashes/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 185: Constant leaning on elbows → painless swelling is suggestive of _____
Answer: olecranon bursitis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 186: Rash on sun-exposed face and arms with joint pains is suggestive of _____
Answer: lupus
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 187: Unilateral, sudden-onset headaches located peri-orbital is suggestive of _____
Answer: cluster headache
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/headache/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 188: What are the diagnostic tests for HIV/AIDS? <18 months old → _____ >18 months old → _____
Answer: DNA PCR
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 189: _____
Answer: Atopic dermatitis (eczema)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/dermatology/eczematous-rashes/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 190: Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is diagnosed with _____
Answer: echocardiography
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 191: Below is a CXR of a patient with _____
Answer: pulmonary embolism
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Flashcard 192: Diagnosis of adrenal tumor is supported by an elevated level of _____
Answer: dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 193: How does alveolar edema appear on CT scan in the setting of a pulmonary contusion? _____
Answer: Ground-glass opacities in the lung adjacent to the affected chest wall
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 194: Liver cysts caused by entamoeba histolytica appear on ultrasound as _____echoic lesions
Answer: hypo
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Flashcard 195: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient that develops acute posterior calf pain/swelling while walking? Physical examination shows tenderness/induration at the medial head of the gastrocnemius and a crescent-shaped patch of ecchymosis at the medial malleolus. _____
Answer: Ruptured popliteal cyst
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 196: Pain on palpation of sinuses is suggestive of _____
Answer: sinusitis
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Flashcard 197: Retinal vein occlusion causes a(n) "_____" appearance on funduscopy
Answer: blood and thunder
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-subspecialty/adult-ophtho/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 198: What are the differences between mild and severe forms of carpal tunnel syndrome? Severe = _____
Answer: weak thumb abduction, opposition and thenar eminence atrophy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 199: What kind of ulcer is associated with hairless legs, scaly skin, and absent pulses located at the tips of the toes? _____
Answer: Arterial insufficiency ulcer
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/leg-ulcers/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 200: Melanoma =_____
Answer: excisional biopsy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/dermatology/hyperpigmentation/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 201: What is the recommended diagnostic test for patients with chest pain that have low-risk for CAD? _____
Answer: No further testing
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/coronary-artery-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 202: Congestion, bilateral purulent nasal discharge and pain with facial tap is suggestive of _____
Answer: sinusitis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 203: What is the best diagnostic test for GERD, but is rarely done? _____
Answer: 24hr-pH monitoring
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/esophagus/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 204: Strabismus or congenital cataracts → cortical blindness is suggestive of _____
Answer: amblyopia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/ophthalmology/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 205: Prolonged fever, cough with foul-smelling sputum and air-fluid levels on imaging is suggestive of _____
Answer: lung abscess
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 206: What do you do to confirm dx of SBO? _____
Answer: CT scan w/oral contrast
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/small-bowel/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 207: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with hemolytic anemia with an increased MCHC and negative Coombs test? _____
Answer: Hereditary spherocytosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 208: What is the ankle brachial index for diagnosis of peripheral artery disease? _____
Answer: <0.9
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 209: Heavy lifting → lightning pain shooting down leg (sciatica) and positive straight leg test is suggestive of _____
Answer: herniation of disc
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/back-pain/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 210: What is the best test for the diagnosis of central cord syndrome? _____
Answer: MRI spine without contrast
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Flashcard 211: Diagnosis of early disseminated Lyme disease = _____
Answer: ELISA then Western if need confirmation
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Flashcard 212: Right mid-to-upper quadrant or flank pain during pregnancy with peritoneal signs but without uterine tenderness= _____
Answer: appendicitis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 213: Pain reproducible with isometric quadriceps contraction = _____
Answer: patellofemoral pain syndrome
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 214: Nephrolithiasis = _____ Nephrolithiasis and pregnancy = _____
Answer: Non-contrast CT scan
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/kidney-stones/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 215: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with a pituitary mass and the laboratory values below? Prolactin: 250 ng/mL (normal, < 15) LH: low TSH: normal _____
Answer: Prolactinoma
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 216: ST elevation is suggestive of _____
Answer: STEMI
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/coronary-artery-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 217: What is the ankle brachial index for diagnosis of moderate/severe peripheral artery disease? _____
Answer: <0.7
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 218: ↑↑ Exercise, pain at the heel worse with activity and with firm palpation of sides of heel (above) is suggestive of _____
Answer: Calcaneal stress fracture
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 219: Initial hematuria which clears by end of stream = _____ of hematuria
Answer: urethra
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/urology/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 220: What is the next step in diagnosis for a middle-aged woman that presents with "night sweats", insomnia, and irregular menses? Pregnancy test is negative. _____
Answer: Measure serum TSH and FSH
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 221: What is the most reliable sign for vertebral osteomyelitis? _____
Answer: Tenderness to percussion over the spinous process of the involved vertebrae
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 222: The initial diagnostic workup of a first-time seizure in an adult should include laboratory tests to evaluate for _____ and toxic causes
Answer: metabolic
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/seizure/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 223: What to do for a patient with suspected asthma with a normal FEV1/FVC? _____
Answer: Methacholine challenge test to provoke bronchoconstriction
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/asthma/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 224: The Jones criteria for rheumatic fever are: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
Answer: Joints (arthritis)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/peds-infectious-rashes/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 225: How do you dx colon cancer? _____
Answer: Bx via colonoscopy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/colorectal/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 226: Painless blurring of bilateral vision and halos around lights is suggestive of _____
Answer: cataract
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 227: Acute otitis media, mastoid swelling and anteriorly rotated ear is suggestive of _____
Answer: mastoiditis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 228: Pain upon isometric contraction of the quadriceps (_____ test) is indicative of patellofemoral pain syndrome
Answer: patellofemoral compression
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 229: Tenderness at the inferior patella seen in athletes is suggestive of _____
Answer: patellar tendonitis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 230: _____ is defined as 1 of the following 3 criteria: - Symptoms persisting for >10 days without improvement - Symptoms severe in onset (fever >39 C [102.2 F] and drainage) for >3 days - Symptoms worsening following initial improvement
Answer: Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics?ref=anki
Flashcard 231: What is Murphy's sign dx of? _____
Answer: A tender GB
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gallbladder/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 232: What test is used to confirm acute cholecystitis? _____
Answer: HIDA scan
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gallbladder/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 233: LOC and post-ictal state (sleepiness, confusion) is suggestive of _____
Answer: generalized seizure
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/seizure/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 234: If hypercalcemia is found on labs, you need to _____
Answer: checking ionized calcium / correct for albumin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/calcium/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 235: Pathologic jaundice = _____
Answer: Coombs
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 236: Acute pancreatitis typical imaging = _____ Acute pancreatitis imaging (if unclear labs) = _____
Answer: ultrasound
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/pancreatitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 237: What is the preferred diagnostic test for fibromuscular dysplasia? _____
Answer: Non-invasive imaging (e.g. CT angiography, duplex ultrasound)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 238: _____ for nephrolithiasis if non-pregnant
Answer: Non-contrast CT scan
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 239: How is sx gallstones diagnosed? _____
Answer: U/S
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gallbladder/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 240: These are symptoms of _____ and should be followed with _____
Answer: hydrocephalus
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Flashcard 241: What test/imaging study is used to diagnose esophageal cancer? _____
Answer: Endoscopy with biopsy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 242: Right adenexal tenderness, fever, peritoneal signs and normal adnexa on U/S = _____
Answer: acute appendicitis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 243: What is the best diagnostic test for nephrolithiasis? _____
Answer: Non-contrast helical CT
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/kidney-stones/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 244: Neutrophils filled with staph aureus is suggestive of _____
Answer: CGD
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 245: What is the diagnostic test of choice for Ogilvie syndrome (colonic pseudo-obstruction)? _____
Answer: Abdominal CT scan
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 246: "tearing" pain during defecation and blood on toilet paper is suggestive of _____
Answer: anal fissure
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 247: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient that emigrated from Southeast Asia and presents with a well-circumscribed, hypopigmented patch on the arm with no sensation to pinprick? The ulnar nerve on ipsilateral arm is thickened and tender. _____
Answer: Leprosy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 248: What is the ankle brachial index for diagnosis of critical limb ischemia? _____
Answer: <0.4
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 249: What is the first step in evaluating hyponatremia? _____
Answer: Measure serum osmolality
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/sodium/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 250: Brain abscess = CT/MRI showing _____
Answer: Ring enhancing lesion
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Flashcard 251: Imaging for chronic pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer = _____ or ultrasound
Answer: abdominal CT scan
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/pancreatitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 252: How do you dx SBO? _____
Answer: Upright KUB (dilated loops of bowel with air-fluid levels)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/small-bowel/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 253: A sudden loss of consciousness, usually without warning and lasting for a few seconds, due to an abnormal heart rhythm (especially complete atrioventricular block) is suggestive of _____
Answer: Adam-Stokes attacks
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 254: What complications can an abdominal x-ray help identify in diverticulitis? (4) _____
Answer: Abscesses, obstructions, ileus, and perforation (pneumoperitoneum)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/diverticula/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 255: What is the rapid test for diagnosing Legionnaires' disease? _____
Answer: Urine antigen test
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 256: What is the first step in evaluating an incidentally discovered adrenal mass? _____
Answer: Biochemical workup to determine functional vs nonfunctional
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/adrenals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 257: Suspected onychomycosis is managed with _____
Answer: KOH prep
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/dermatology/superficial-skin-infections/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 258: Preceding sore throat → sandpaper skin, strawberry tongue, circumoral pallor and red rash on palms/soles that desquamates (peels off) is suggestive of _____
Answer: scarlet fever
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 259: Rapid Diagnosis HIV/AIDS in infants: <18 months → _____ >18 months → _____
Answer: DNA PCR
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/hiv/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 260: Symptoms of spinal compression immediately after pulling epidural catheter is suggestive of _____
Answer: spinal epidural hematoma
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 261: Symptoms of cystitis, fever, N/V and CVA tenderness is suggestive of _____
Answer: pyelonephritis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/uti/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 262: Pretest probability of coronary artery disease is high in patients with typical angina > age _____ (men) or _____ (women)
Answer: 40
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/coronary-artery-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 263: What does this show and what is the next step in diagnosis? _____
Answer: Pleural effusion; Thoracentesis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/pleural-effusion/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 264: Narrow QRS, HR > 150, and no regular p waves +/- retrograde p waves is suggestive of _____
Answer: SVT
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/acls-easy/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 265: Following X-ray, how do you diagnose malrotation? _____
Answer: Upper GI Series (barium swallow)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/baby-emesis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 266: ↑ PCWP worsening after IVF and arrhythmias is suggestive of _____
Answer: myocardial contusion
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Flashcard 267: Harsh, holosystolic murmur with palpable thrill: _____
Answer: ventricular septal defect
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Flashcard 268: Diverticulitis = _____
Answer: CT (oral/IV contrast)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/diverticula/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 269: Hypertension in the upper extremities; hypotension in lower extremities → claudication (refusal to walk) is suggestive of _____
Answer: coarctation of the aorta
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-subspecialty/ct-surgery/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 270: Are serum amylase and lipase helpful in diagnosing pancreatitic malignancy? _____
Answer: No!
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 271: Bone pain, bone scan shows ↑ uptake and ↑ alkaline phosphatase is suggestive of _____
Answer: Paget
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 272: What is the likely diagnosis in a febrile, immunocompromised patient that develops an erythematous lesion that quickly progresses to a painless ulcer with a black center? _____
Answer: Ecthyma gangrenosum
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 273: Polycythemia and ↑ EPO and ↔ O2 saturation = _____
Answer: malignancy
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Flashcard 274: Acute "popping" sensation followed by "clicking" during McMurray's test is suggestive of _____
Answer: meniscal tear
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-subspecialty/ortho-injuries/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 275: What imaging test can confirm the diagnosis of ischemic colitis after a CT scan has been obtained? _____
Answer: Colonoscopy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gi-bleed/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 276: "Bluish line on gingiva" (Burton Line), abdominal pain/constipation, nephropathy and neuropathy (foot/wrist drop) is suggestive of _____
Answer: lead poisoning
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 277: ANA, anti-Jo-1, anti-Mi-2, anti-SRP antibodies is suggestive of _____
Answer: myositis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/approach-to-joint-pain/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 278: Young woman with blurry vision and focal neurological symptoms (weakness, numbness, tingling) separated by "time and space" is suggestive of _____
Answer: MS
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/weakness/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 279: What does a thin-walled distended GB free of inflammation on U/S indicate when working up jaundice? _____
Answer: Cancer
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/jaundice/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 280: What is the most likely diagnosis in a patient with positive HBeAg, positive anti-HBc IgG, positive HBsAg, and a mild increase in LFTs? _____
Answer: Active chronic HBV
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 281: Rapid Diagnosis: Asthma Presentation: _____ Physical exam: _____
Answer: cough, wheezing, dyspnea; may also have tightness during acute attacks
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/asthma/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 282: What is the likely diagnosis in an immunocompromised patient with fever, pleuritic chest pain, hemoptysis and pulmonary nodules with ground-glass opacities (halo sign) on CT? _____
Answer: Invasive aspergillosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 283: When elevated intracranial pressure is suspected, _____ should precede _____ because of the risk of cerebral herniation
Answer: neuroimaging
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 284: V/Q scan to help diagnose PE requires normal _____ to begin with
Answer: ventilation
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 285: _____ is used to diagnose aortic rupture
Answer: CT angiography
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Flashcard 286: What is the preferred imaging modality for diagnosis of acute appendicitis during pregnancy? _____
Answer: Ultrasound (graded compression technique)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 287: Diagnosis? _____
Answer: Pleural effusion
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/pleural-effusion/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 288: What does a thick-walled rigid (porcelain) GB indicate in US? _____
Answer: Chronic inflammation
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/jaundice/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 289: Low pelvic pain, urinary freq/urgency. A(n) _____ should be performed to look for a(n) _____
Answer: urinalysis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/uti/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 290: What imaging study is used to confirm the diagnosis of a colovesical fistula? _____
Answer: Abdominal CT with oral or rectal contrast (not IV)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 291: What is the likely diagnosis? _____
Answer: Molluscum contagiosum
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 292: What is the next step in evaluation of acute kidney injury in an elderly patient with BPH who presents with rising creatinine and urinary urgency without hematuria, weight loss, or elevated PSA? _____
Answer: Renal ultrasound
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 293: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient that developed sudden-onset abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting after returning from a hike and eating leftover Chinese food? _____
Answer: Bacillus cereus food poisoning
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/acute-diarrhea/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 294: What is the recommended diagnostic test for patients with chest pain that have intermediate-risk for CAD and a normal ECG test? _____
Answer: Exercise stress ECG
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/coronary-artery-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 295: Inflammation of the small airways/bronchioles caused usually by RSV is suggestive of _____
Answer: bronchiolitis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/lower-airway/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 296: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient that presents with flu-like symptoms without a rash after being bitten by a tick two weeks ago? Laboratory exam reveals leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated LFTs. _____
Answer: Ehrlichiosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 297: Headache, systemic symptoms (fever/leukocytosis), history of sinusitis and cranial nerve symptoms (e.g. diplopia) is suggestive of _____
Answer: cavernous sinus thrombosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki
Flashcard 298: What is the likely location of hemorrhage in a hypertensive patient that presents with occipital headache, neck stiffness, nausea/vomiting, and ipsilateral hemiataxia without hemiparesis? _____
Answer: Cerebellum
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 299: CSF analysis in _____ syndrome will reveal albuminocytologic dissociation
Answer: Guillain-Barré
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/weakness/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 300: _____
Answer: SBO
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Flashcard 301: Patient presents with bradykinesia, resting tremor, cogwheel rigidity, postural instability, and shuffling gait is suggestive of _____
Answer: Parkinson's disease
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/tremor/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 302: What is the diagnosis for a patient with an x-ray of the lumbar spine showing bone destruction, sequestrum formation, and periosteal reactions? _____
Answer: Vertebral osteomyelitis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 303: Subarachnoid hemorrhage: 1) _____ to detect blood 2) If #1 is (+) use angiography to detect source of bleed 3) If #1 is (-) use lumbar puncture if clinical suspicion still high
Answer: Non-contrast CT
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 304: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with sudden-onset pleuritic chest pain, hemoptysis, dyspnea, and the CT findings below? _____
Answer: Pulmonary embolism
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/pulmonary-embolism/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 305: Diagnosis of strep throat in adults is based around the CENTOR criteria: C: _____ (+1) E: _____ (+1) N: _____ (+1) T: _____ (+1) OR: _____ (+1) OR _____ (-1)
Answer: absent cough
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 306: Palpable breast mass > 30 y.o. woman → do mammogram +/- ultrasound and _____ to exclude cancer
Answer: core needle biopsy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 307: The initial step in evaluation of Cushing syndrome is confirmation of hypercortisolism via one of the following tests: 1. _____ 2. _____ 3. _____
Answer: 24-hour urine free cortisol (best initial test)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/adrenals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 308: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient that presents with sudden onset flashes of light and floaters in the left eye? The patient felt like "a curtain came down" over her eye. Ophthalmoscopy reveals a grayish-appearing retina. _____
Answer: Retinal detachment
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-subspecialty/adult-ophtho/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 309: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with diverticulosis, pneumaturia, fecaluria, and frequent UTI? _____
Answer: Colovesical fistula
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 310: The presence of casts in the urine indicates that hematuria/pyuria is of _____ or renal tubular origin
Answer: glomerular
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 311: Interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) has _____ false positives from BCG vaccination than PPD testing
Answer: fewer
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/tb/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 312: What is definitive dx of pyloric stenosis? _____
Answer: U/S showing "donut sign"
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 313: How do you dx small bowel obstruction? _____
Answer: Xray (best initial test) CT (more accurate)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/abdominal-pain/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 314: Endoscopy shows multiple, refractory duodenal ulcers and thick gastric folds. What is the next lab test? _____
Answer: Fasting serum gastrin levels (> 1000)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 315: _____ is a biliary cancer with obstructive jaundice and anemia/UGI bleed
Answer: Ampullary (of Vater) cancer
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 316: _____ anginal chest pain is: • Substernal • Worse with exertion • Better with rest or nitroglycerin
Answer: Typical
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/coronary-artery-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 317: What test is most accurate for diagnosis of achalasia? _____
Answer: Esophageal manometry
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/esophagus/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 318: In invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, halo sign refers to _____ with surrounding _____
Answer: nodular lesions
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 319: Epigastric pain associated with H. Pylori, NSAIDs, and glucocorticoids → _____
Answer: peptic ulcer disease
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/peptic-ulcer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 320: Fever and cough = _____ and SpO2
Answer: CXR
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/pneumonia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 321: Post-traumatic myocardial rupture presents with cardiac _____
Answer: tamponade
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 322: A positive urine urobilinogen assay is typically indicative of a buildup of _____ bilirubin
Answer: unconjugated
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/jaundice/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 323: The Ottawa Ankle Rules is a clinical decision model used to determine whether or not an ankle injury needs a(n) _____
Answer: x-ray
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-subspecialty/ortho-injuries/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 324: (-) _____ = rules OUT lupus
Answer: ANA (sensitive)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/approach-to-joint-pain/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 325: A 25-year-old man presents with an inversion injury of his right ankle that occurred during a basketball game. His ankle is swollen, but he is able to bear weight, and has no focal tenderness and no ligament laxity. _____
Answer: Ankle sprain
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-subspecialty/ortho-injuries/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 326: Diagnosis of knee issues (meniscus, ACL/PCL)? _____
Answer: MRI
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-subspecialty/ortho-injuries/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 327: "Periarticular osteopenia" on X-ray is suggestive of _____
Answer: rheumatoid arthritis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/rheumatoid-arthritis/acquire?ref=anki - "pee" in the "room" and it will "erode" - ddx. with osteoarthritis: narrowing, osteophyte, sclerosis, cyst.
Flashcard 328: What is done following KUB to confirm bowel obstruction? _____
Answer: Contrast swallow CT to see if tracer material passes the obstruction
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 329: Strenuous activity on a hot day, nausea/vomiting, headache and temperature increased but not greater than 40°C (104 F) is suggestive of _____
Answer: heat exhaustion
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 330: Systolic, < 2/6, soft, vibratory and musical, heard best @ lower mid-sternum: _____
Answer: Still's murmur
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 331: How is Meckel diverticulum diagnosed? _____
Answer: Technicium-99 radionucleotide scan (Meckel bleeding scan)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gi-bleed/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 332: _____
Answer: Irritant diaper dermatitis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 333: Early Lyme disease is diagnosed through _____
Answer: clinical signs
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Flashcard 334: Obese woman, painful lumps in skin folds, fistulas w/ scarring, and drainage of malodorous, purulent fluid _____
Answer: Hidradenitis suppurativa
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 335: What lab do you order to determine what type of AKI is present if patient is on diuretic? _____
Answer: FE(urea)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology?ref=anki
Flashcard 336: What is the next best step in diagnosing/treating a thyroid nodule that has low TSH? _____
Answer: RAIU scan
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid-nodules/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 337: Patient presents with streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kidney, cystic hygroma at birth, short statue, webbed neck, and lymphedema is suggestive of _____
Answer: Turner syndrome
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/primary-amenorrhea/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 338: What is the initial step in evaluation of a newly discovered thyroid nodule? _____
Answer: TSH level and U/S
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid-nodules/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 339: How do sx gallstones typically present? _____
Answer: Colicky RUQ abdominal pain that may radiate to Rt shoulder and occur after fatty meal
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gallbladder/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 340: Dashboard injury → shortened, internally rotated, and adducted hip is suggestive of _____
Answer: posterior dislocation of hip
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 341: = _____
Answer: Neurosyphilis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/dementia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 342: What study may be used to confirm the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome if the diagnosis is uncertain? _____
Answer: Nerve conduction studies
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-subspecialty/ortho-hand/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 343: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with increasing polyuria/polydipsia with hypernatremia, high serum osmolality, and low urine osmolality? _____
Answer: Diabetes insipidus
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/posterior-pituitary/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 344: What is the diagnosis if patient presents with dysphagia progressing from solids to liquids and weight loss? _____
Answer: Cancer
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/esophagus/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 345: Abnormal melanocyte migration and white forelock on the scalp is suggestive of _____
Answer: piebaldism
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/dermatology/hyperpigmentation/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 346: Imaging for back pain? _____
Answer: X-ray → MRI
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/back-pain/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 347: Pneumothorax may be associated with a(n) _____ sign on supine chest radiograph due to subpulmonic accumulation of gas outlining costophrenic angle
Answer: deep sulcus
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 348: What is the ultrasound description of a mature cystic teratoma? _____
Answer: Partially calcified mass (e.g. teeth) w/ multiple thin, echogenic bands (e.g. hair)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 349: (+) Neers test is suggestive of _____
Answer: rotator cuff tendinopathy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 350: What is the best diagnostic test for asthma? _____
Answer: PFTs
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 351: For idiopathic intracranial hypertension: Before lumbar puncture, do a(n) _____ to rule out cerebral venous thrombosis
Answer: MRI/MRV
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 352: Kidney stone = _____
Answer: urinalysis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/kidney-stones/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 353: Colicky pain w/o fever and leukocytosis = _____
Answer: obstruction
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/abdominal-pain/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 354: Fever, joint pain/swelling, CNS/seizure and nephritis is suggestive of _____
Answer: SLE
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/lupus/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 355: Term neonate delivered via C-section with respiratory distress; X-ray shows perihilar linear streaking is suggestive of _____
Answer: TTN
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 356: How do you diagnose acute cholecystitis? _____
Answer: U/S
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gallbladder/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 357: Is aortography used to diagnose traumatic rupture of the aorta? _____
Answer: No
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 358: Persistent fever, leukocytosis, and LUQ pain with a recent infection (endocarditis, cholecystitis) +/- tender splenomegaly is suggestive of _____
Answer: splenic abscess
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 359: Blood 2+ RBCs 0 / hpf _____
Answer: Rhabdo/Myoglobinuria
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 360: Elevated solid lesion < 1 cm = _____
Answer: papule
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/dermatology/hyperpigmentation/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 361: (+) Coombs test is suggestive of _____
Answer: autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/normocytic-anemia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 362: What is the first line imaging for pheochromocytoma? _____
Answer: Contrast CT or MRI
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/adrenals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 363: Chronic pain on the sole of the foot that is worse with weight bearing (e.g. first thing in the morning) and dorsiflexion is suggestive of _____
Answer: plantar fascitis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 364: _____ with small intestine mucosal biopsy should be performed if tropical sprue is suspected
Answer: Enteroscopy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/malabsorption/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 365: Thinning the hair as the hair follicles exit growth phase too early: _____
Answer: Telogen-effluvium
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/dermatology/alopecia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 366: Fasting Glucose: Normal: _____ Impaired fasting glucose (pre-diabetes): _____ Diabetes: _____
Answer: < 100
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/outpatient-diabetes/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 367: A triad of sudden RUQ pain, fever and leukocytosis is suggestive of _____
Answer: acute cholecystitis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gallbladder/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 368: Esophageal dialation with bird's beak appearance is seen in _____
Answer: achalasia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/esophagus/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 369: What is the test of choice to evaluate dysphagia? _____
Answer: Upper endoscopy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/esophagus/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 370: Primary amenorrhea, cubitus valgus and short height is suggestive of _____
Answer: Turner syndrome
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/primary-amenorrhea/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 371: Below is a CT of a patient with dementia, specifically _____
Answer: vascular dementia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/dementia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 372: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with sharp, localized chest pain that is worsened with inspiration and tender to palpation? _____
Answer: Costochondritis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/coronary-artery-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 373: What is the first step in the diagnostic evaluation of an individual with any urinary complaint? _____
Answer: Urinalysis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 374: Osteoporosis with palpable vertebral step-off and pinpoint tenderness = _____
Answer: compression fracture
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/back-pain/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 375: Below is a CT with _____
Answer: intraperitoneal free air
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 376: _____
Answer: Lupus
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/lupus/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 377: _____
Answer: Sickle cell anemia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/normocytic-anemia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 378: What is the diagnostic test for pseudotumor cerebri (benign/idiopathic intracranial hypertension)? _____
Answer: LP with increased opening pressure
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/headache/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 379: If TSH is elevated, what is the next step to take? _____
Answer: RAIU
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 380: What disorder may be diagnosed using the pathergy test? _____
Answer: Behçet syndrome
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 381: What is the next step in management for a patient with suspected vertebral metastasis? _____
Answer: MRI of the spine
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 382: Irregular mass post-trauma to breast is suggestive of _____
Answer: fat necrosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 383: Intraabdominal bleeding - imaging? Stable patient = _____ Unstable patient = FAST
Answer: CT scan
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 384: What is seen on U/S of GB in pt. with choledocholithiasis? _____
Answer: Mild duct dilation, gallstones in GB
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gallbladder/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 385: What is the likely diagnosis? _____
Answer: urticaria
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/dermatology/hypersensitivity/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 386: "Oil cysts" and "foam cells" on mammography = _____
Answer: fat necrosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 387: What is the patch test? _____
Answer: Gold standard for diagnosis of contact dermatitis (type IV HSR)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/dermatology/eczematous-rashes/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 388: What is the best initial diagnostic step for thyroglossal duct cyst? _____
Answer: U/S
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 389: Should former BCG vaccine affect interpretation of PPD? _____
Answer: Yes- can result in false positive
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/tb/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 390: Tenderness at the tibial tubercule is suggestive of _____
Answer: osgood-schlatter
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/orthopedics/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 391: What is the best diagnostic test for diverticulosis? _____
Answer: Colonoscopy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/diverticula/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 392: Nausea/vomiting, headache and focal neuro deficits following otitis media is suggestive of _____
Answer: brain abscess
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-subspecialty/neuro-brain-bleeds/acquire?ref=anki FND may include oculomotor or abducens nerve palsies secondary to increased intracranial pressure
Flashcard 393: What is shown here? _____
Answer: Spontaneous pneumothorax
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 394: Can a patient be diagnosed with brain death if they have intact deep tendon reflexes? _____
Answer: Yes
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/dizziness/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 395: What is the most likely diagnosis given a patient with swollen, erythematous skin, pain out of proportion of physical exam, and the CT findings below? _____
Answer: Necrotizing fasciitis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 396: What is the likely diagnosis? _____
Answer: Toxic epidermal necrolysis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/dermatology/hypersensitivity/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 397: Patient presents with abdominal pain, diarrhea, leukocytosis, and recent antibiotic use: _____
Answer: Clostridioides difficile infection
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/acute-diarrhea/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 398: Diagnosis of a(n) _____ is seen as a visceral pleural line on chest-xray
Answer: primary spontaneous pneumothorax
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 399: Hypertension is diagnosed with _____ separate blood pressures taking over a span of _____ weeks
Answer: two
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 400: Diagnosis of C. difficile colitis is made by stool assay for _____ or PCR for genes
Answer: toxins
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki the presence of C. difficile itself does not indicate infection as many individuals (8-15%) are asymptomatic carriers
Flashcard 401: ADPKD = _____
Answer: ultrasound
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology?ref=anki
Flashcard 402: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with colicky flank pain that radiates to the groin? _____
Answer: Nephrolithiasis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/kidney-stones/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 403: Early osteomyelitis (< 2 weeks) = _____ Late osteomyelitis (> 2 weeks) = _____
Answer: MRI
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/skin-infections/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 404: - Urticaria (widespread) - Hypotension - Wheezing = _____
Answer: Anaphylaxis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/dermatology/hypersensitivity/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 405: What is the preferred initial study to evaluate patients with suspected oropharyngeal dysphagia? _____
Answer: Videofluoroscopic modified barium swallow
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 406: Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is diagnosed with _____
Answer: echocardiography
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/heart-failure/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 407: Diagnosis of sore throat (viral vs. strep) is based around the CENTOR criteria: C: _____ (+1) E: _____ (+1) N: _____ (+1) T: _____ (+1) OR: _____ (+1) OR _____ (-1)
Answer: absent cough
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 408: _____
Answer: Abscess
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 409: _____
Answer: Pneumothorax
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 410: Chronic watery diarrhea, crampy abdominal pain and bloating after meals is suggestive of _____
Answer: lactase deficiency
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/malabsorption/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 411: What imaging modality is preferred for diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma? _____
Answer: CT scan of the abdomen
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/abdominal-pain/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 412: What is the test of choice for confirming the diagnosis of Zenker's diverticulum? _____
Answer: Barium contrast esophagram
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/esophagus/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 413: What is needed to confirm diagnosis of high blood pressure: _____
Answer: Measurements outside of the clinical setting
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 414: What is the most accurate test in the diagnosis of PCP pneumonia? _____
Answer: Bronchoalveolar lavage (with silver stain)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/pneumonia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 415: What is the likely diagnosis in a young man with an anterior mediastinal mass and elevated β-hCG/AFP? _____
Answer: Non-seminomatous germ cell tumor
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 416: How does eustachian tube dysfunction present? _____
Answer: Ear popping, cracking, hearing loss in response to pressure changes, ear fullness
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 417: What is the most accurate (and first) diagnostic test for cystic fibrosis? _____
Answer: Sweat chloride (induce via pilocarpine)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/lower-airway/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 418: The diagnosis of esophageal perforation is confirmed with Gastrografin (water-soluble) contrast esophagram or _____ scan
Answer: CT
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki Gastrografin is water-soluble contrast that is preferred over barium (barium can induce an inflammatory response); can see the leakage through the perforation
Flashcard 419: What test is needed to definitely rule out subarachnoid hemorrhage in patients with a normal CT scan? _____
Answer: Lumbar puncture
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/stroke/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 420: = _____
Answer: Hypothyroidism
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 421: Unilateral ear pain and no relief with pulling on pinna is suggestive of _____
Answer: otitis externa
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 422: Patient presents with (+) anterior drawer sign: _____
Answer: ACL injury
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-subspecialty/ortho-injuries/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 423: What is the likely diagnosis in an asymptomatic young adult female with a solitary liver mass with a hypodense central stellate scar on CT? _____
Answer: Focal nodular hyperplasia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 424: Pt who had pharyngitis and impetigo a little bit ago now has RBC casts: _____
Answer: Post-Streptococcal glomerulonephritis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/dermatology/superficial-skin-infections/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 425: HbA1c ≥ _____ = diabetes HbA1c < _____ = normal
Answer: 6.5%
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/outpatient-diabetes/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 426: How is biliary atresia diagnosed? _____
Answer: U/S → absence of intrahepatic ducts With equivocal U/S → HIDA scan with 5-7 days of phenobarbital stimulation
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/congenital-defects/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 427: Nephrolithiasis = _____ or _____
Answer: non-contrast CT scan
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 428: What laboratory finding has a high sensitivity for the diagnosis of congestive heart failure? _____
Answer: Elevated brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/heart-failure/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 429: What is the diagnosis in an elderly patient with swelling and tenderness of the parotid gland and erythema with scant purulent drainage? _____
Answer: Suppurative sialadenitis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 430: What is used to dx complications of pancreatitis but should be reserved until after complications are seen? _____
Answer: CT scan
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/pancreatitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 431: Sestamibi scan = localize _____ glands
Answer: parathyroid
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/calcium/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 432: Bilateral hypoattenuation of the globus pallidus is often seen in _____ poisoning
Answer: CO
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 433: At what time of day is plantar fasciitis the worst? _____
Answer: In the morning
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-subspecialty/ortho-injuries/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 434: What is the next step in management for an elderly man with a significant smoking history that presents with urinary frequency and episodic gross hematuria for the past two months? Physical exam, including rectal exam, is unremarkable. _____
Answer: Cystoscopy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/uti/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 435: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient who develops a spike in creatinine a day after having a CT with IV contrast? _____
Answer: Contrast-induced nephropathy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/urology/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 436: _____ is characterized by optic disc atrophy with characteristic cupping
Answer: Glaucoma
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 437: What imaging modality is used to confirm the diagnosis of rotator cuff tear? _____
Answer: MRI
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 438: A positive screening test for Treponema pallidum (via VDRL or RPR) is confirmed via _____
Answer: FTA-ABS (fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 439: To grade GCS of eye opening: 4: _____ 3: _____ 2: _____ 1: _____
Answer: Spontaneously
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 440: Congenital cardiac defects are diagnosed with _____
Answer: echo
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-subspecialty/ct-surgery/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 441: Cholecystitis is associated with a positive _____ sign, which is inspiratory arrest after RUQ palpation due to pain
Answer: Murphy's
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gallbladder/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 442: How is choledocholithiasis dx'd? _____
Answer: U/S or MRCP
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gallbladder/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 443: Persistent nonproductive cough and consolidation in the right middle lobe is suggestive of _____
Answer: right middle lobe syndrome
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 444: Can intestinal atresia be diagnosed with abdominal x-ray? _____
Answer: Yes
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 445: What is the most sensitive initial test for malabsorption syndromes? _____
Answer: Stool fat assay
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 446: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with weight loss, tachycardia, anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies, and the physical exam findings below? Thyroid gland: normal size, non-tender TSH: low Free T4: high Radioactive iodine uptake: < 5% _____
Answer: Painless (silent) thyroiditis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 447: Below is a patient with _____
Answer: impetigo
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/dermatology/superficial-skin-infections/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 448: Diagnosis? _____
Answer: Chronic subdural hematoma
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 449: On chest x-ray, a classic "3" sign created by indentation of the aorta is suggestive of what pathology? _____
Answer: Coarctation of the aorta
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/valvular-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 450: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with a firm, mobile nodule on the back (pictured below)? The nodule does not change shape when pinched at the edge. The patient had a similar bump in the same location months ago, which spontaneously resolved. _____
Answer: Epidermal inclusion cyst
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 451: _____ phenomenon is characterized by episodic vertigo triggered by loud noises, occurring in the setting of a perilymphatic fistula
Answer: Tullio
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 452: What is seen on x-ray for diagnosis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia? _____
Answer: Loops of bowel in the thorax
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/congenital-defects/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 453: PSA is part of the workup for BPH _____
Answer: F
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 454: Assessment of cardiac risk and able to exercise = _____ Assessment of cardiac risk + not able to exercise = _____
Answer: exercise stress test
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/coronary-artery-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 455: Rapidly progressive dementia and myoclonus, sharp wave complexes on EEG _____
Answer: Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (dead within year)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 456: What is the next step in a patient with suspected acromegaly that is found to have elevated IGF-1 levels? _____
Answer: Oral glucose suppression test
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/anterior-pituitary/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 457: Polyarthritis, recurrent fever and salmon-pink rash is suggestive of _____
Answer: adult Still's disease
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 458: Left: normal Right: _____
Answer: osteonecrosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 459: What is the most likely diagnosis in a 16 y/o with HbA1c of 7.6% and BMI at the 95th percentile? _____
Answer: Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 460: What do you order if dx of pancreatitis is certain AND enzymes are negative? _____
Answer: CT scan
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/pancreatitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 461: Can serology for H. Pylori differentiate active vs latent infection? _____
Answer: No
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/peptic-ulcer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 462: What are the key features used to diagnose postrenal failure? (2) _____
Answer: Anuria Hydronephrosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology?ref=anki
Flashcard 463: _____ can lead to an amylase-rich exudative pleural effusion with pH < 6
Answer: Esophageal rupture
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/pleural-effusion/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 464: _____
Answer:
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 465: Anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies is suggestive of _____
Answer: GSE (celiac disease)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/dermatology/bullous-diseases/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 466: Generally, pathology of the RUQ is confirmed via _____
Answer: ultrasound
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gallbladder/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 467: Imaging for pancreatic cancer = _____ or ultrasound
Answer: abdominal CT scan
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 468: Rash - Diffuse, itchy vesicles on erythematous base - Different stages of healing _____
Answer: HHV-3 (varicella-zoster virus)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/peds-infectious-rashes/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 469: Cataracts may result in _____ of the red reflex
Answer: loss
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 470: What is the most common cause of decreased breath sounds on the left following successful intubation? _____
Answer: Intubation of the right mainstem bronchus
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 471: Below is an MRI showing a patient with hydrocephalus due to _____
Answer: intracranial hemorrhage
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 472: What is the best diagnostic test for Boerhaave syndrome in a stable patient? _____
Answer: Gastrografin contrast esophagram
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gi-bleed/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 473: Below is a CT of a(n) _____
Answer: lung abscess
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 474: hyperextension injury → marked weakness and loss of temperature/pain in the upper extremities compared to the lower extremities _____
Answer: Central cord syndrome
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-trauma/neck/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 475: Suspected pneumonia = _____
Answer: X-ray
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 476: Infective endocarditis is managed with _____
Answer: blood cultures
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/endocarditis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 477: Flushing, diarrhea and right-sided valvular disease is suggestive of _____
Answer: carcinoid syndrome
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/chronic-diarrhea/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 478: What is the next step in diagnosis for a patient with secondary amenorrhea and a negative pregnancy test? _____
Answer: Measure serum prolactin, TSH, and FSH
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/secondary-amenorrhea/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 479: What test is most likely to reveal the underlying etiology of amaurosis fugax? _____
Answer: Duplex ultrasound of the neck
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 480: Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy or CT scan is used to diagnose _____
Answer: ZES
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/peptic-ulcer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 481: On chest CT, fat embolism may appear as bilateral scattered _____
Answer: ground-glass opacities
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 482: Pt with sinus, lung and kidney issues w/ RBC casts: _____
Answer: Wegener's glomerulonephritis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/vasculitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 483: A nonhealing tonsillar ulcer in the absence of smoking/alcohol is suggestive of _____
Answer: head and neck SCC caused by HPV
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 484: What is seen on manometry in achalasia? _____
Answer: Failure to relax
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/esophagus/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 485: What is the gold standard diagnostic test for acute cervicitis? _____
Answer: Nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 486: Hematuria is managed with _____
Answer: urinalysis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 487: How is dx of achalasia made? _____
Answer: Barium swallow (Bird beak) and manometry
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/esophagus/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 488: What is the first step in working up a pt. w/ pulmonary disease (e.g. smoker, COPD, fibrotic lung, asthmatic)? _____
Answer: PFTs (FEV1/FVC)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 489: Pancreatic cancer = _____ or _____
Answer: ultrasound
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 490: Fever, fatigue and RUQ pain with the following ultrasound of the liver is suggestive of _____
Answer: pyogenic liver abscess
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 491: What is the diagnostic method for obstructive jaundice secondary to inflammation from choledocholithiasis/cholangitis? _____
Answer: RUQ U/S with MRCP/ERCP
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gallbladder/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 492: Cholecystitis is diagnosed with _____ or cholescintigraphy (HIDA scan)
Answer: ultrasound
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gallbladder/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 493: What imaging modality is used to aid in the diagnosis of toxic megacolon? _____
Answer: Abdominal X-ray
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 494: Dysphagia to solids/liquids= _____ → manometry
Answer: barium swallow
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 495: Patient with diabetes presents with pain around the waist that feels like a "burning belt" along the T12 distribution is suggestive of _____
Answer: diabetic thoracic radiculopathy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 496: Diagnosis of ovarian torsion is best done with _____
Answer: diagnostic laparoscopy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/ovarian-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 497: What is the best diagnostic test for Boerhaave syndrome in an unstable patient? _____
Answer: CT chest
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gi-bleed/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 498: What is the first test/imaging study that should be ordered to diagnose pancreatitis in a patient with acute epigastric abdominal pain that radiates to the back? _____
Answer: Serum amylase and lipase
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/pancreatitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 499: Imaging for renal trauma = _____
Answer: CT w/contrast
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/urology/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 500: Is 1+ proteinuria considered trace proteinuria? _____
Answer: No; 1+ is suggestive of pathology
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 501: Loud pop → pain, inability to move and plantarflex the foot: _____
Answer: Achilles tendon tear
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-subspecialty/ortho-injuries/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 502: What imaging modalities are preferred for detecting kidney stones? _____
Answer: Abdominal CT scan w/o contrast (preferred) Ultrasound
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/kidney-stones/acquire?ref=anki - ultrasound good for pregnancy - also can detect radiolucent stones, which are missed on abdominal X-ray
Flashcard 503: Bruising, petechiae, bleeding, non-tender lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly is suggestive of _____
Answer: acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 504: What is done 1st in workup of esophageal cancer to identify location of lesions/safety of EGD? _____
Answer: Barium swallow
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/esophagus/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 505: _____
Answer: Bilat hilar lymphadenopathy
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Flashcard 506: Unilateral pounding headache a/w nausea, photophobia, and phonophobia is suggestive of _____
Answer: migraine
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Flashcard 507: Young patient with recent flu, hemoptysis and multilobar cavitary infiltrates is suggestive of _____
Answer: CA-MRSA pneumonia
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Flashcard 508: What test is used to establish the diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis? _____
Answer: Paracentesis
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Flashcard 509: Adolescent with back pain worsened by lumbar extension with a palpable step-off is suggestive of _____
Answer: Spondylolisthesis
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Flashcard 510: Spurling's maneuver involves tilting of the neck _____ the affected side and application of _____ pressure to the head
Answer: towards
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Flashcard 511: How is TE fistula dx'd? _____
Answer: NG tube and X-ray => NG tube coils up in esophagus
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Flashcard 512: What type of acute renal failure has a normal BUN/Cr ratio? _____
Answer: Intrinsic renal failure
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Flashcard 513: Tracheal obstruction = (_____) coin sign on AP and (_____) coin sign on lateral x-ray
Answer: -
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Flashcard 514: Abdominal bloating, food aversion, weight loss and abdominal pain/nausea following meals is suggestive of _____
Answer: intestinal ischemia
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Flashcard 515: _____ assesses the severity of pancreatitis and can increase with third spacing
Answer: Hematocrit
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Flashcard 516: DVT = _____
Answer: doppler ultrasound
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/pulmonary-embolism/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 517: Postoperatively, what are two outcomes from a water challenge test of 500 mL of normal saline? _____
Answer: If the patient can urinate and post void volume is normal than pt is dehydrated If no urine is produced then its acute renal failure
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Flashcard 518: What is the preferred diagnostic study for hemodynamically stable patients with normal renal function and suspected aortic dissection? _____
Answer: CT angiography
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Flashcard 519: Acute onset somnolence, miosis, hypotension and ↓ respiratory rate after someone comes to visit patient in the hospital is suggestive of _____
Answer: opioid intoxication
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Flashcard 520: Likely diagnosis? _____
Answer: HSV
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Flashcard 521: Productive cough, hemoptysis, fatigue, weight loss, history of tuberculosis and intracavitary mass on CXR is suggestive of _____
Answer: chronic pulmonary aspergillosis
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Flashcard 522: ↓ Mobility and bulging of TM is suggestive of _____
Answer: Acute otitis media
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Flashcard 523: What is the preferred imaging modality for diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip in infants < 4 months old? _____
Answer: Hip ultrasound
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/orthopedics/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 524: What type of hearing loss is suggested by the hearing test results below in a patient with left-sided hearing loss? Rinne: air > bone conduction in both ears Weber: lateralizes to the right ear _____
Answer: Sensorineural hearing loss
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Flashcard 525: Recurrent and reproducible vertigo lasting < 1 minute brought on by head movement is suggestive of _____
Answer: BPPV
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Flashcard 526: _____ test is used to diagnose vasovagal or orthostatic syncope
Answer: Tilt table
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Flashcard 527: Posterior testicular pain is suggestive of _____
Answer: epididymitis
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Flashcard 528: "Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea" _____
Answer: Pellagra (Niacin [Vitamin B3] deficiency)
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Flashcard 529: _____ is a feature of Tetanus that is also referred to as Lockjaw
Answer: Trismus
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Flashcard 530: X-ray at the time of injury has _____ sensitivity for scaphoid fracture
Answer: low
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Flashcard 531: Refractory duodenal ulcers and diarrhea is suggestive of _____
Answer: ZES
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Flashcard 532: Patient presents with bilateral renal cell carcinoma, hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, and pheochromocytoma: _____
Answer: von Hippel-Lindau disease
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Flashcard 533: Which type of parapneumonic effusion is characterized by the following values: pH > 7.2 Glucose > 60 mg/dl WBC < 50,000/mm3 Gram stain/culture: negative _____
Answer: Uncomplicated Parapneumonic Effusion
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/pleural-effusion/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 534: How do you dx perforation? _____
Answer: Upright KUB
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Flashcard 535: What is the likely diagnosis for a solid liver mass in a young woman on oral contraceptives? _____
Answer: Hepatic adenoma
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Flashcard 536: Pericardial effusion / tamponade = _____
Answer: echo
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Flashcard 537: Which physical exam technique is very sensitive for disc herniation? _____
Answer: Straight-leg raise
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Flashcard 538: Lytic bone lesion, eczema and hypernatremia/polyuria is suggestive of _____
Answer: Langerhans cell histiocytosis
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Flashcard 539: Disc herniation = _____
Answer: MRI
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Flashcard 540: _____ is more sensitive for detecting ischemic stroke
Answer: MRI
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Flashcard 541: Cervical radiculopathy = _____
Answer: MRI
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Flashcard 542: A pt presents c/o colicky flank pain that radiates to the groin. He states that this started 2 days ago and that yesterday he had hematuria. He also complains of nausea and vomiting; denies any fever or chills: _____
Answer: Nephrolithiasis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/kidney-stones/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 543: During a Rinne test: Air louder than bone = _____ deficit Bone louder than air = _____ deficit
Answer: sensorineural (or normal)
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Flashcard 544: Perforated viscus may present with _____, in which gas outlines the inner and outer surfaces of the intestine
Answer: Rigler sign (double-wall sign)
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Flashcard 545: What CXR finding is often found in patients with coarctation of the aorta? _____
Answer: Notching of the ribs
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Flashcard 546: What imaging modality is recommended to evaluate patients with suspected gallstone pancreatitis? _____
Answer: Ultrasound (RUQ)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/pancreatitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 547: Tumor of anterior pituitary, ↓ FSH/LH and bitemporal hemianopsia is suggestive of _____
Answer: Craniopharyngioma
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/primary-amenorrhea/acquire?ref=anki Get MRI to see the mass and distinguish between craniopharyngioma and kallman (no mass in Kallman)
Flashcard 548: Young male with lower back pain and morning stiffness that improves with use is suggestive of _____
Answer: ankylosing spondylitis
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Flashcard 549: Diagnosis of esophageal cancer = _____ Confirmation of esophageal cancer = _____
Answer: barium swallow
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Flashcard 550: What is the next set of imaging that you get after non-contrast CT for stroke? _____
Answer: CTA
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Flashcard 551: What is the likely diagnosis in a young woman with significant hypertension, amaurosis fugax, and a carotid bruit? _____
Answer: Fibromuscular dysplasia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/urology/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 552: How do you diagnose HIV during the primary infection? _____
Answer: 4th generation antigen/antibody assay and p24 antigen
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/hiv/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 553: Arm close to body and outward rotation (shake hand position) = _____ shoulder dislocation
Answer: anterior
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Flashcard 554: Severe fever, cough and myalgias is suggestive of _____
Answer: influenza
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Flashcard 555: Clusters of vesicles on anterior mucosa / lips is suggestive of _____
Answer: herpetic gingivostomatitis
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Flashcard 556: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient that presents with a hard, painless bump on the eyelid? _____
Answer: Chalazion
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Flashcard 557: PE test of choice = _____
Answer: CT angiography
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Flashcard 558: On standard urine drug screen, ketamine is an anesthetic that may be a false positive for _____
Answer: phencyclidine
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Flashcard 559: Interferon-gamma release assay is not influenced by prior BCG vaccination _____
Answer: T
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Flashcard 560: How do you diagnose neonatal chlamydia infection? _____ of conjunctival or nasopharyngeal swabs
Answer: NAAT
Extra:
Flashcard 561: Bibasilar crackles, S3 gallop, displaced point of maximum impulse and lower extremity edema is suggestive of _____
Answer: dilated cardiomyopathy
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Flashcard 562: Initial test for subarachnoid hemorrhage = _____
Answer: non-contrast CT
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Flashcard 563: What imaging modality is preferred for diagnosis of acute or chronic mesenteric ischemia? _____
Answer: CT angiography
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Flashcard 564: _____
Answer: COPD
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Flashcard 565: What is the likely diagnosis? _____
Answer: Keratosis pilaris
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Flashcard 566: Diagnosis of a retroperitoneal hematoma is confirmed with _____ or abdominal ultrasound
Answer: non-contrast CT scan of abdomen/pelvis
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Flashcard 567: Pulmonary function testing (PFTs) → ↓ FEV1/FVC, but shows significant improvement with bronchodilators is suggestive of _____
Answer: asthma
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/lower-airway/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 568: What is the diagnostic test for biliary strictures? _____
Answer: MRCP
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/jaundice/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 569: Meckel diverticulum is diagnosed using a(n) _____ study for uptake by ectopic gastric mucosa
Answer: technetium-99m pertechnetate
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Flashcard 570: _____ = asthma challenge testing (if spirometry normal)
Answer: Methacholine
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Flashcard 571: Spurling's maneuver is a neck compression test that is used for diagnosis of _____
Answer: cervical spine radiculopathy
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Flashcard 572: Patient with a "twisted ankle" leading to pain, swelling, and inability to bear weight: _____
Answer: Ankle fracture
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-subspecialty/ortho-injuries/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 573: Ascending flaccid paralysis that progresses rapidly over 24–48 hours → can lead to respiratory failure due to respiratory muscle weakness and no fever or rash: _____
Answer: Tick paralysis
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Flashcard 574: Aortic dissection = contrast-enhanced CT angiography Aortic dissection and renal failure = _____
Answer: TEE
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Flashcard 575: Abnormal electrical activity that is localized to one hemisphere and impairs consciousness; symptoms include behavioral arrest, automatisms (lip smacking, chewing), sensory hallucinations, and/or repetitive clonic movement: _____
Answer: Complex partial seizure (focal seizure with impaired awareness)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/seizures/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 576: Why is an abdominal x-ray not useful to confirm the diagnosis of diverticulitis? _____
Answer: It may fail to demonstrate the presence of colonic diverticula and the expected bowel wall thickening
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/diverticula/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 577: Recurrent skin, mucosal (e.g. tooth) infections without purulence and neutrophilia is suggestive of _____
Answer: LAD deficiency
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Flashcard 578: Angiofibromas (face) Ash-leaf spots (hypopigmented on Wood's lamp) Shagreen patches (common on low back) Afebrile seizures = _____
Answer: Tuberous sclerosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/dermatology/hypopigmentation/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 579: What will be seen on KUB of Ogilvie syndrome? _____
Answer: Very dilated colon only
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Flashcard 580: What is the best noninvasive test to confirm diagnosis of H. pylori infection? _____
Answer: Urea breath test
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/peptic-ulcer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 581: Testing for antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs) is highly sensitive and specific for _____
Answer: PBC
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Flashcard 582: How is diagnosis of imperforate anus made? _____
Answer: X-ray (upside down)
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Flashcard 583: Fever and nuchal rigidity is suggestive of _____
Answer: meningitis
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Flashcard 584: In patients with a(n) anterior cerebral artery occlusion, involvement of the _____ can cause flat affect and lack of motivation (abulia)
Answer: frontal cortex
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Flashcard 585: Biopsy test of choice to confirm breast cancer = _____
Answer: core needle biopsy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/breast-cancer/acquire?ref=anki hx of trauma doesn't rule out cancer!
Flashcard 586: How does a pt. present w/ gallstone pancreatitis? _____
Answer: RUQ pain, Murphys sign +, elevated AST/ALT, lipase, amylase, mild fever/leukocytosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gallbladder/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 587: Bone minimal density (DEXA) ≤ -2.5 @ hip, spine, or wrist is _____
Answer: osteoporosis
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Flashcard 588: An ABI of _____ is considered diagnostic of occlusive peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in symptomatic patients
Answer: ≤ 0.90
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-subspecialty/vascular/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 589: What is the best initial test in a patient found to have a cervical lymph node with metastatic squamous cell carcinoma? _____
Answer: Panendoscopy (esophagoscopy, bronchoscopy, laryngoscopy)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/esophagus/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 590: What is the likely diagnosis? _____
Answer: Herpes simplex
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/genital-ulcers/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 591: Bloody diarrhea, fever and history of travel or a local outbreak is suggestive of _____
Answer: infectious colitis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gi-bleed/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 592: Neutropenic patient with fever and neutrophil count < 500 is suggestive of _____
Answer: neutropenic fever
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Flashcard 593: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with an aortic dissection that develops hypotension, JVD, and pulsus paradoxus? _____
Answer: Cardiac tamponade
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Flashcard 594: What is the preferred imaging modality for diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip in infants > 4 months old? _____
Answer: Hip X-ray
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/orthopedics/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 595: Are iron studies or hemoglobin electrophoresis done first in someone suspicious for iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia? _____
Answer: Iron studies
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Flashcard 596: What hip movement worsens the pain associated with a psoas abscess? _____
Answer: Hip extension
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Flashcard 597: A nonhealing tonsillar ulcer in an older male smoker is suggestive of _____
Answer: SCC
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Flashcard 598: Herniation-like lightning pain and older male is suggestive of _____
Answer: osteophyte
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/back-pain/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 599: Unconjugated bilirubin with high reticulocyte count = _____
Answer: hemolysis/hemorrhage
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/neonatal-jaundice/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 600: How do you confirm dx of esophageal cancer following barium swallow? _____
Answer: EGD w/ biopsy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/esophagus/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 601: What is the likely diagnosis for a patient with an acute, massive increase in AST/ALT in the setting of hypotension? _____
Answer: Ischemic hepatic injury (shock liver)
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Flashcard 602: Pleural effusion and atelectasis result in _____ breath sounds, _____ tactile fremitus, and _____ to percussion
Answer: decreased
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/pleural-effusion/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 603: Patient with coma, absence of brainstem reflexes, and positive apnea test is suggestive of _____
Answer: brain death
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Flashcard 604: Lung abscesses may present with _____ on CXR, which suggests cavitation.
Answer: air-fluid levels
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Flashcard 605: New onset enuresis is managed with _____ before treatment is started
Answer: ruling out organic causes
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Flashcard 606: Wilms tumor = _____
Answer: abdominal ultrasound
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Flashcard 607: Local tenderness ("cord-like palpable structure"), erythema along the course of a superficial vein is suggestive of _____
Answer: superficial thrombophlebitis
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Flashcard 608: What is the likely diagnosis in a middle-aged patient with a history of steroid use that presents with progressive groin, thigh, or buttock pain for the past six weeks? The pain is worst with abduction and internal rotation. _____
Answer: Avascular necrosis (osteonecrosis)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 609: HLA-DRB1 and vitamin D deficiency are associated with _____
Answer: multiple sclerosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 610: What is the normal range of Creatinine kinase, serum (Female)?
Answer: From 10 to 70 U/L
Flashcard 611: What is the normal range of Glucose, serum (2-hr postprandial)?
Answer: From 70 to 120 mg/dL
Flashcard 612: What is the normal range of Urine: Uric acid?
Answer: From 0 to Varies with diet mmol/L
Flashcard 613: What is the normal range of Urine: Calcium?
Answer: From 100 to 300 mg/24 hr
Flashcard 614: What is the normal range of Bilirubin, serum (adult) Direct?
Answer: From 0.0 to 0.3 mg/dL
Flashcard 615: What is the normal range of Urine: Proteins, total?
Answer: From 0 to 150 mg/24 hr
Flashcard 616: What is the normal range of Hematologic: Bleeding time (template)?
Answer: From 2 to 7 minutes
Flashcard 617: What is the normal range of Urea nitrogen, serum?
Answer: From 7 to 18 mg/dL
Flashcard 618: Sleep apnea is diagnosed via _____, where a patient sleeps in a monitored setting and a number of related measurements are taken
Answer: polysomnography
Flashcard 619: What measure is used to distinguish between peripheral destruction and underproduction in normocytic anemia?_____
Answer: Reticulocyte count
Flashcard 620: Is the tensilon test (administration of edrophonium) very useful in diagnosis of Lambert-Eaton?_____
Answer: No
Flashcard 621: What significant laboratory finding is associated with Wegener granulomatosis (granulomatosis with polyangiitis)?_____
Answer: positive c-ANCA
Flashcard 622: The longer life of reticulocytes in anemia can be corrected for by _____ (reticulocyte production index)
Answer: corrected reticulocyte count / maturation time
Flashcard 623: Osteoporosis is diagnosed by DXA scan with a T-score of < _____ or a fragility fracture of the hip or vertebrae
Answer: - 2.5
Flashcard 624: Phlegmasia alba dolens (painful white "milk" leg) is a result of massive _____ vein occlusion
Answer: common iliac
Flashcard 625: What is test used to measure bone density? _____
Answer: DEXA scan
Flashcard 626: On CT, _____ presents with calcification and thickening of the pericardium
Answer: constrictive pericarditis
Flashcard 627: _____ renal cysts are septated, enhanced, or have solid components on imaging
Answer: Complex
Flashcard 628: What enzyme is elevated in both dermatomyositis and polymyositis?_____
Answer: Creatine kinase (CK)
Flashcard 629: Angiodysplasia is confirmed by _____
Answer: angiography
Flashcard 630: Fat necrosis of breast tissue presents as a _____ on mammography
Answer: calcified oil cyst (specific)
Flashcard 631: Salivary gland tumors typically present as a mobile, _____ mass/swelling (painful or painless) at the angle of the jaw
Answer: painless
Flashcard 632: Which paraneoplastic syndrome presents with hyperpigmented velvety plaques in the arm-pit and neck?_____
Answer: Acanthosis Nigricans
Flashcard 633: What dermatologic lesion is a large fluid-containing blister > 1 cm?_____
Answer: Bulla
Flashcard 634: Which diagnostic test is used to detect EBV infection?_____
Answer: Monospot Test aka Paul Bunell Test
Flashcard 635: Open-angle glaucoma is _____ (painful or painless)
Answer: painless
Flashcard 636: What imaging technique is the preferred diagnostic imaging study for Toxic Megacolon?_____
Answer: Plain abdominal x-ray
Flashcard 637: The symptoms of normal pressure hydrocephalus improve with _____
Answer: lumbar puncture
Flashcard 638: Herpes Zoster (shingles) is said to have a "dew drops on a rose" appearance in a _____ distribution
Answer: dermatomal
Flashcard 639: How is pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) measured?_____
Answer: Pulmonary artery catheter (Swan-Ganz catheter)
Flashcard 640: What type of vomiting is seen with Yellow fever?_____
Answer: Black (bloody) vomiting
Flashcard 641: What is the diagnostic cutoff for fasting plasma glucose for a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus?_____
Answer: >126 mg/dL
Flashcard 642: The initial phase of myocardial infarction (subendocardial infarcts) shows ST-segment _____ on EKG
Answer: depression
Flashcard 643: Lab results of S. pneumoniae meningitis include _____ CSF glucose (high or low)
Answer: low
Flashcard 644: _____ antibodies are diagnostic for pernicious anemia
Answer: Anti-intrinsic factor
Flashcard 645: Apex (Left Decubitus; Bell):Identify:[sound:11 Apex, S4 Mid Sys Mur, LLD, Bell.mp3]_____
Answer: S4 and Mid-Systolic Murmur
Flashcard 646: Where is a murmur due to mitral regurgitation the loudest? _____
Answer: Apex (mitral area)
Flashcard 647: Which electrolyte disturbance causes wide QRS and peaked T waves on ECG? _____
Answer: High K+ (hyperkalemia)
Flashcard 648: Central cyanosis typically manifests in the _____, nail beds, and conjunctiva, and other mucosal surfaces
Answer: lips
Flashcard 649: Is tropical sprue associated with normal or decreased urinary excretion of D-xylose (D-xylose test)? _____
Answer: Decreased
Flashcard 650: Which immunodeficiency may be diagnosed with the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test? _____
Answer: Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)
Flashcard 651: What disease is associated with this spinal cord lesion? _____
Answer: Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis)
Flashcard 652: Brain arteriovenous malformations are developmental vascular lesions that present with intracranial _____, seizure, headache, or focal neurologic deficits
Answer: hemorrhage
Flashcard 653: Does Pneumocystis pneumonia show consolidations on chest xray?_____
Answer: No
Flashcard 654: Diagnosis of pneumonia is made by _____ and sputum & blood gram stain/culture
Answer: CXR
Flashcard 655: In Legg-Calve-Perthes, will you often observe pathology on the initial x-ray?_____
Answer: No
Flashcard 656: What imaging technique is used to diagnose gallstones? _____
Answer: Ultrasound
Flashcard 657: A patient with abdominal pain and distension, bloody diarrhea, fever and shock in the setting of ulcerative colitis or clostridium difficile is most likely presenting with _____
Answer: Toxic megacolon
Flashcard 658: Which thyroid imbalance characteristically presents with Myoedema?_____
Answer: Hypothyroidism
Flashcard 659: Which stage of Lyme disease can present with erythema chronicum migrans?_____
Answer: Stage 1
Flashcard 660: Chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis in a cystic fibrosis patient leads to a _____ pattern on CXR
Answer: reticulonodular
Flashcard 661: The confirmatory test for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip is an _____
Answer: ultrasound
Flashcard 662: Patients with unilateral renal artery stenosis on imaging will have a characteristic _____
Answer: renal size discrepancy
Flashcard 663: Duplex collecting system is associated with increased risk for _____ tract infection
Answer: urinary
Flashcard 664: Peripheral vertigo is most commonly due to _____, which is tested with the Dix-Hallpike maneuver
Answer: benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)
Flashcard 665: In the diagnosis of Tuberculosis, the _____ has fewer false positives from BCG vaccination as opposed to a tuberculin test
Answer: Interferon-y release assay
Flashcard 666: The diagnosis for diabetes mellitus may be made using _____ which reflects average blood glucose over 3 prior months
Answer: HbA1c
Flashcard 667: _____ causes interstitial pneumonia with a ground-glass appearance on chest xray
Answer: Pneumocystis pneumonia (which opportunistic infection)
Flashcard 668: Uveitis may present with conjunctival redness and _____, which is the accumulation of pus in the anterior chamber
Answer: hypopyon
Flashcard 669: What imaging technique may be used to diagnose a varicocele?_____
Answer: Ultrasound with Doppler
Flashcard 670: Reticulocyte count in anemia can be corrected by multiplying reticulocyte count by _____
Answer: Hct/45
Flashcard 671: In addition to MRI, diagnosis of osteomyelitis may be made with _____
Answer: blood culture
Flashcard 672: Lactose intolerance is characterized by _____ stool pH
Answer: decreased
Flashcard 673: Tabes Dorsalis is characterized by positive _____ sign due to loss of proprioception
Answer: romberg
Flashcard 674: CMV can result in _____-megaly on head CT scans
Answer: ventriculo
Flashcard 675: Colorectal carcinoma may be visualized as an '_____'' lesion seen on barium enema X-ray
Answer: apple core
Flashcard 676: What is a characteristic finding on CXR for croup (parainfluenza)?_____
Answer: Steeple sign
Flashcard 677: On a non-contrast head CT, acute bleeding appears as _____ lesions
Answer: hyperattenuated (bright)
Flashcard 678: _____ aortic dissection involves the ascending aorta
Answer: Stanford type A (proximal)
Flashcard 679: Kidney infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis results in RBCs and WBCs in urine WITHOUT bacteria, known as _____
Answer: sterile pyuria
Flashcard 680: Lactase deficiency is characterized by a _____ stool pH
Answer: decreased
Flashcard 681: Diagnosis of diabetes insipidus is aided by the _____ test
Answer: water deprivation
Flashcard 682: Lab results of S. pneumoniae meningitis include _____ protein in CSF (high or low)
Answer: high
Flashcard 683: What may be seen on spiral CT in a patient with a pulmonary embolism? _____
Answer: Vascular filling defects
Flashcard 684: Pseudogout may present on X-ray with cartilage _____
Answer: calcification (chondrocalcinosis)
Flashcard 685: Aortic Area (Sitting; Bell):Identify:[sound:14 Aortic, Normal S1 S2, Sitting, Bell.mp3]_____
Answer: Normal S1 and S2
Flashcard 686: Well-demarcated, hairless, hypoesthetic, hypopigmented skin plaques are common in _____ leprosy
Answer: Tuberculoid
Flashcard 687: What is the earliest sign of jaundice?_____
Answer: Scleral icterus
Flashcard 688: Apex (Supine; Bell):Identify:[sound:09 Apex, Holo Sys Mur, Supine, Bell.mp3]_____
Answer: Holosystolic Murmur
Flashcard 689: What tests (2) are used to diagnose HIV in neonates?_____
Answer: HIV RNA and HIV DNA nucleic acid amplification tests
Flashcard 690: What mnemonic is used to help in the diagnosis of measles (rubeola)?_____
Answer: 4 C's (cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, koplik spots)
Flashcard 691: What lab test is used clinically to rule out DVT (high sensitivity, low specificity)? _____
Answer: D-dimer
Flashcard 692: What is the appearance ammonium magnesium phosphate kidney stones on X-ray and CT? _____
Answer: Radiopaque
Flashcard 693: A diagnosis of parotitis is confirmed by _____
Answer: imaging (ultrasound / CT)
Flashcard 694: What is the rule in test for HIV?_____
Answer: HIV-1/2 Ag/Ab
Flashcard 695: What is the result of a dexamethasone suppression test if the cause of hypercortisolism is an adrenal cortical tumor?_____
Answer: neither low nor high dose dexamethasone suppresses cortisol secretion
Flashcard 696: The _____ blot *used to be* the confirmatory test for HIV after a positive ELISA
Answer: Western
Flashcard 697: Most notably, the serum tumor marker CA 19-9 is seen elevated in _____
Answer: Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Flashcard 698: _____ can be said to have a "ground-glass" or crushed ping-pong ball appearance on chest-xray
Answer: Pneumocystis pneumonia
Flashcard 699: Both central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus are characterized by urine specific gravity < _____
Answer: 1.006
Flashcard 700: The lactose hydrogen breath test is positive for lactose malabsorption if the post-lactose breath hydrogen rises _____ ppm compared with baseline
Answer: > 20
Flashcard 701: _____ pyuria is the presence of pyuria (> 10 WBCs/hpf and leukocyte esterase) with a negative urine culture
Answer: Sterile
Flashcard 702: _____ is an acute or chronic inflammation of the gallbladder with gallbladder wall thickening
Answer: Cholecystitis
Flashcard 703: Piriformis syndrome manifests with symptoms of _____
Answer: sciatica
Flashcard 704: Chronic subdural hematomas appear _____-dense on CT
Answer: hypo
Flashcard 705: Can an adenomatous polyp be distinguished from a hyperplastic polyp on gross examination (e.g. colonoscopy)? _____
Answer: No (thus remove all polyps)
Flashcard 706: Lactase deficiency is characterized by _____ hydrogen content with a lactose hydrogen breath test
Answer: increased
Flashcard 707: What effect does the hand grip maneuver have on the intensity of MR, AR, and VSD murmurs?_____
Answer: Increased intensity
Flashcard 708: What test for tuberculosis does not cross-react with BCG vaccine?_____
Answer: Quantiferon Gold assay
Flashcard 709: Pulsus alternans is most commonly seen in patients with severe _____
Answer: LV dysfunction
Flashcard 710: What opening pressure (lumbar puncture) is associated with bacterial meningitis? _____
Answer: Increased pressure
Flashcard 711: Is celiac disease associated with normal or decreased urinary excretion of D-xylose (D-xylose test)? _____
Answer: Decreased
Flashcard 712: Trochanteric bursitis often occurs because the _____ is overcompensating to stabilize the hip
Answer: gluteus medius
Flashcard 713: Multicystic dysplastic kidney is often diagnosed prenatally via _____
Answer: ultrasound
Flashcard 714: How specific is the serum tumor marker CEA?_____
Answer: Very nonspecific
Flashcard 715: If a thyroid nodule has decreased uptake of 131I, it is considered a _____ nodule
Answer: 'cold'
Flashcard 716: What is the general underlying cause of a normocytic anemia with a corrected reticulocyte count > 3%? _____
Answer: Peripheral destruction (hemolysis)
Flashcard 717: Parotitis usually presents with acute onset of firm and erythematous pre/postauricular _____
Answer: swelling
Flashcard 718: What is the appearance of uric acid kidney stones on CT? _____
Answer: Minimally visible
Flashcard 719: Contrast studies of chronic pancreatitis reveal a "_____" pattern due to dilatation of pancreatic ducts
Answer: chain of lakes
Flashcard 720: _____ echocardiogram may be used to detect lesions on heart valves, which aids in the diagnosis of bacterial endocarditis
Answer: Transesophageal
Flashcard 721: Which fungal complication can present with ring enhancing lesions on CT scan?_____
Answer: Angioinvasive aspergillosis
Flashcard 722: Vitamin C deficiency is characterized by an _____ bleeding time
Answer: increased
Flashcard 723: The _____ test may be used to aid in the diagnosis of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Answer: secretin stimulation
Flashcard 724: H. pylori infection may be diagnosed using the _____ breath test
Answer: urea
Flashcard 725: The _____ is a diagnostic test that detects the heterophile antibodies seen in EBV infection via agglutination of sheep or horse RBCs.
Answer: Monospot Test
Flashcard 726: If a patient has Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, gastrin levels will remain _____ after administration of secretin (secretin stimulation test)
Answer: elevated
Flashcard 727: _____ is a refractive error caused by uneven/irregular curvature of the cornea
Answer: Astigmatism
Flashcard 728: Are serum amylase and lipase useful serum markers for chronic pancreatitis? _____
Answer: No (may or may not be elevated)
Flashcard 729: What imaging modality may be used to visualize uric acid kidney stones? _____
Answer: Ultrasound
Flashcard 730: Chest X-ray of a patient with Mycoplasma pneumoniae shows a _____ infiltrate
Answer: reticulonodular, patchy
Flashcard 731: Tabes dorsalis presents with a _____ Romberg sign
Answer: positive
Flashcard 732: _____ is used to confirm diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia
Answer: Bronchoalveolar lavage
Flashcard 733: What is the appearance calcium kidney stones on X-ray and CT? _____
Answer: Radiopaque
Flashcard 734: What test is used to diagnose immune hemolytic anemia? _____
Answer: Coombs test
Flashcard 735: Sarcoidosis may be visualized on CXR as _____ and coarse reticular opacities
Answer: bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy
Flashcard 736: What is the appearance of cystine kidney stones on CT? _____
Answer: Moderately radioopaque (sometimes visible)
Flashcard 737: A _____ is typically used to diagnose spinal stenosis or other vertebral pathology (ex. osteomyelitis) in patients who cannot undergo MRI
Answer: CT Myelogram
Flashcard 738: Pulmonary embolism may present with _____ D-dimer
Answer: elevated
Flashcard 739: When a xanthoma affects the eyelids, it is known as _____
Answer: xanthelasma
Flashcard 740: What mode of imaging is the best for detecting acute osteomyelitis?_____
Answer: MRI
Flashcard 741: The Windlass test can be used to diagnose Plantar Fasciitis, in which dorsiflexing the _____ elicits pain in the heel
Answer: hallux
Flashcard 742: _____ is visualized on fundoscopy as crinkling retinal tissue and changes in vessel direction
Answer: Retinal detachment
Flashcard 743: Emphysema may present with _____ lung field lucency on CXR
Answer: increased
Flashcard 744: Dilated cardiomyopathy is associated with a _____ appearance of the heart on CXR
Answer: balloon
Flashcard 745: Where is a murmur due to atrial septal defect the loudest? _____
Answer: Pulmonic Area
Flashcard 746: What test is used to indirectly assess pancreatic function?_____
Answer: Fecal elastase
Flashcard 747: The gold standard for diagnosis of cystitis is culture showing > _____ colony forming units
Answer: 100,000
Flashcard 748: In the first 6 hours, _____ is the gold standard for diagnosis of myocardial infarction
Answer: ECG
Flashcard 749: What imaging modality is the gold standard for diagnosis of multiple sclerosis?
Answer: MRI
Keywords: Clinical Reasoning flashcards, medical flashcards, NEET PG preparation, USMLE Step 1 flashcards, Anki alternative, spaced repetition medical, OnCourse flashcards
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Analytical vs non-analytical reasoning
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Hypothetico-deductive reasoning
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Pattern recognition in clinical reasoning
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Probabilistic reasoning
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Bayesian approach to diagnosis
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Decision making under uncertainty
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Cognitive biases in clinical reasoning
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Metacognition and diagnostic calibration
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Clinical decision rules
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Diagnostic parsimony (Occam's razor)
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Diagnostic thoroughness (Hickam's dictum)
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Diagnostic error analysis
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Integrating evidence-based medicine into reasoning
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