Vitamin/mineral functions and deficiencies — Flashcards

Flashcard 11: vitamin D (D2, ergocalciferol / D3, cholecalciferol)

Answer: increased intestinal absorption of calcium, increased bone mineralization

Extra: rickets in children, osteomalacia in adults, hypocalcemic tetanyhypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, loss of appetite, stuporD2 - plants D3 - milk, sun exposure

Flashcard 12: vitamin E

Answer: antioxidant (protects RBCs and membranes from free-radical damage)

Extra: hemolytic anemia, muscle weakness, posterior column and spinocerebellar tract demyelination

Flashcard 13: K

Answer: γ-carboxylation of glutamate residues of clotting factors 10, 9, 7, 2, C, and S. mnemonic: CS was invented in 1972

Extra: acquired hemophilia, increased PT and PTT but normal BTcan overpower warfarin therapy (warfarin is a vitamin K antagonist)synthesized by intestinal flora (neonates have no flora, and don't get any from breast milk, so need supplementation

Flashcard 14: zinc

Answer: essential for many diverse enzymes, commonly incorporated in "zinc finger" TF motif

Extra: delayed wound healing, hypogonadism, decreased adult hair, dysgeusia, anosmia

Flashcard 15: thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)

Answer: aldehydes

Flashcard 16: tetrahydrofolate

Answer: 1-carbon units

Flashcard 17: biotin

Answer: CO2 groups

Flashcard 18: vitamin B1 (thiamine)

Answer: cofactor in decarboxylation reactions

Extra: Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, Beriberi

Flashcard 19: vitamin A (retinol)

Answer: antioxidant, component of visual pigments, epithelial cell differentiation

Extra: night blindness, dry skinarthralgia, fatigue, headache, skin changes, sorethroat, alopecia, teratogenliver, leafy vegetables

Flashcard 20: Name and number the B vitamins.

Answer: B1 - thiamine B2 - riboflavin B3 - niacin B5 - pantothenic acid B6 - pyridoxine B7 - biotin B9 - folate B12 - cobalamin mnemonic: Thor Rummages Nefertiti's Pantry Pilfering Bottles For Candy