Vitamin/mineral functions and deficiencies — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: vitamin B2 (riboflavin)

Answer: component of FADH2, cofactor in redox

Extra: angular chelitis

Flashcard 2: vitamin B3 (niacin)

Answer: component of NAD+, NADP+, cofactor in redox

Extra: 

Flashcard 3: What precursors and cofactors are needed to make vitamin B3 (niacin)?

Answer: derived from tryptophan, vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) acts as cofactor

Flashcard 4: vitamin B5 (pantothenate)

Answer: component of CoA

Extra: dermatitis, enteritis, alopecia, adrenal insufficiency

Flashcard 5: vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)

Answer: component of pyridoxal phosphate; cofactor in transamination and decarboxylation,; synthesis of many neurotransmitters

Extra: convulsions, hyperirratibility, peripheral neuropathy, sideroblastic anemia

Flashcard 6: Vitamin B7 (biotin) deficiency is relatively rare. What are the causes?

Answer: antibiotic use or over-concumption of raw eggs (egg whites in particular)

Flashcard 7: vitamin B9 (folate)

Answer: precursor of THF, coenzyme in methylation; important for nitrogenous base synthesis

Extra: macrocytic anemia, NO neurological symptomsleafy green vegetables

Flashcard 8: vitamin B12 (cobalamin)

Answer: cofactor for homocystiene methyltransferase and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase

Extra: macrocytic anemia, neurologic symptoms (potentially irreversible)meats

Flashcard 9: What are the causes of vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency?

Answer: malabsorption, lack of IF, damage to terminal ileum

Flashcard 10: vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

Answer: antioxidant, hydroxylation step in collagen synthesis, iron absorption, conversion of dopamine to NE

Extra: scurvy, weak immune responsenausea, vomit, diarrhea, fatigue, sleep problemsfruits and vegetables