Vitamin/mineral functions and deficiencies US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Vitamin/mineral functions and deficiencies with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Vitamin/mineral functions and deficiencies Flashcard Deck - 26 Cards
Flashcard 1: vitamin B2 (riboflavin)
Answer: component of FADH2, cofactor in redox
Extra: angular chelitis
Flashcard 2: vitamin B3 (niacin)
Answer: component of NAD+, NADP+, cofactor in redox
Extra:
Flashcard 3: What precursors and cofactors are needed to make vitamin B3 (niacin)?
Answer: derived from tryptophan, vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) acts as cofactor
Flashcard 4: vitamin B5 (pantothenate)
Answer: component of CoA
Extra: dermatitis, enteritis, alopecia, adrenal insufficiency
Flashcard 5: vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
Answer: component of pyridoxal phosphate;
cofactor in transamination and decarboxylation,;
synthesis of many neurotransmitters
Extra: convulsions, hyperirratibility, peripheral neuropathy, sideroblastic anemia
Flashcard 6: Vitamin B7 (biotin) deficiency is relatively rare. What are the causes?
Answer: antibiotic use or over-concumption of raw eggs (egg whites in particular)
Flashcard 7: vitamin B9 (folate)
Answer: precursor of THF, coenzyme in methylation; important for nitrogenous base synthesis
Extra: macrocytic anemia, NO neurological symptoms leafy green vegetables
Flashcard 8: vitamin B12 (cobalamin)
Answer: cofactor for homocystiene methyltransferase and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase
Extra: macrocytic anemia, neurologic symptoms (potentially irreversible) meats
Flashcard 9: What are the causes of vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency?
Answer: malabsorption, lack of IF, damage to terminal ileum
Flashcard 10: vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
Answer: antioxidant, hydroxylation step in collagen synthesis, iron absorption, conversion of dopamine to NE
Extra: scurvy, weak immune response nausea, vomit, diarrhea, fatigue, sleep problems fruits and vegetables
Flashcard 11: vitamin D (D2, ergocalciferol / D3, cholecalciferol)
Answer: increased intestinal absorption of calcium, increased bone mineralization
Extra: rickets in children, osteomalacia in adults, hypocalcemic tetany hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, loss of appetite, stupor D2 - plants
D3 - milk, sun exposure
Flashcard 12: vitamin E
Answer: antioxidant (protects RBCs and membranes from free-radical damage)
Extra: hemolytic anemia, muscle weakness, posterior column and spinocerebellar tract demyelination
Flashcard 13: K
Answer: γ-carboxylation of glutamate residues of clotting factors 10, 9, 7, 2, C, and S.
mnemonic: CS was invented in 1972
Extra: acquired hemophilia, increased PT and PTT but normal BT can overpower warfarin therapy (warfarin is a vitamin K antagonist) synthesized by intestinal flora (neonates have no flora, and don't get any from breast milk, so need supplementation
Flashcard 14: zinc
Answer: essential for many diverse enzymes, commonly incorporated in "zinc finger" TF motif
Extra: delayed wound healing, hypogonadism, decreased adult hair, dysgeusia, anosmia
Flashcard 15: thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)
Answer: aldehydes
Flashcard 16: tetrahydrofolate
Answer: 1-carbon units
Flashcard 17: biotin
Answer: CO2 groups
Flashcard 18: vitamin B1 (thiamine)
Answer: cofactor in decarboxylation reactions
Extra: Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, Beriberi
Flashcard 19: vitamin A (retinol)
Answer: antioxidant, component of visual pigments, epithelial cell differentiation
Extra: night blindness, dry skin arthralgia, fatigue, headache, skin changes, sorethroat, alopecia, teratogen liver, leafy vegetables
Flashcard 20: Name and number the B vitamins.
Answer: B1 - thiamine
B2 - riboflavin
B3 - niacin
B5 - pantothenic acid
B6 - pyridoxine
B7 - biotin
B9 - folate
B12 - cobalamin
mnemonic: Thor Rummages Nefertiti's Pantry Pilfering Bottles For Candy
Flashcard 21: What conditions are likely to result in water-soluble vitamin deficiencies?
Answer: dermatitis, glossitis, diarrhea
Flashcard 22: What conditions are likely to result in fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies?
Answer: malabsorption syndromes
Flashcard 23: Which vitamins are water soluble?
Answer: All Bs, C
Flashcard 24: Which vitamins are fat soluble?
Answer: A, D, E, K
Flashcard 25: scurvy
Answer: vitamin C deficieny
Extra: swollen gums, bruising, hemarthrosis, poor wound healing anemia vitamin C
Flashcard 26: What occurs during the hydroxylation step of collagen synthesis?
Answer: vitamin C-dependent hydroxylation of some proline and lysine residues
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