Embryology — Flashcards

Flashcard 411: During which week of gestation does gastrulation occur?_____

Answer: 3

Flashcard 412: Which gene(s) are produced at the **apical ectodermal ridge** (AER) to regulate the **proximo-distal** axis of limb development?

Answer: FGF (Fibroblast Growth Factor) genes

Extra: Major signaling centers in limb development: - **AER** (Apical Ectodermal Ridge): Secretes **FGF** (stimulates proximo-distal outgrowth). - **Dorsal ectoderm**: Produces **Wnt-7a** (regulates dorsal-ventral axis). - **ZPA** (Zone of Polarizing Activity): Produces **Shh** (regulates antero-posterior axis). - **Hox genes**: Regulate segmental organization (location) of limbs.

Flashcard 413: What is the adult derivative of the cavity of the mesencephalon? _____

Answer: Cerebral aqueduct

Flashcard 414: The thyroid develops at the base of the tongue (primitive pharynx) and then travels along the _____ duct to the anterior neck Bonus: forms from which arch?

Answer: thyroglossal Bonus: 1st and 2nd pharyngeal arches (floor of the primitive pharynx)

Flashcard 415: Which branchial pouch (wings) gives rise to the inferior parathyroids?_____

Answer: 3rd pouch (dorsal wings)

Flashcard 416: The first stage (long) of ovarian follicle development involves development of a _____ follicle from a primordial follicle

Answer: primary

Flashcard 417: During which week of gestation is the bilaminar disc (of epiblast and hypoblast) formed?_____

Answer: Week 2

Flashcard 418: What is the adult derivative of the wall of the telencephalon? _____

Answer: Cerebral hemispheres

Flashcard 419: What is the adult derivative of the cavity of the telencephalon? _____

Answer: Lateral ventricles

Flashcard 420: What is the embryonic origin of oligodendrocytes? _____

Answer: Neural tube (neuroectoderm)