Gynaecology — Flashcards

Flashcard 81: What is the initial investigation of choice for a suspected ovarian mass/cancer?\n_____

Answer: Ultrasonography (USG)

Flashcard 82: ~90% of ovarian cancers are _____ in origin

Answer: epithelial

Flashcard 83: What does first-line surgical mangement for ectopic pregnancy involve? _____

Answer: Salpingectomy

Flashcard 84: If ectopic pregnancy is < _____ mm then expectant or medical management is indicated

Answer: 35

Flashcard 85: The definitive investigation for the diagnosis and staging of ovarian cancer is _____.

Answer: exploratory laparotomy

Flashcard 86: If ectopic pregnancy is _____ then medical (methotrexate) management is indicated

Answer: not significantly painful

Flashcard 87: The mutations _____ or BRCA2 increase the risk of ovarian cancer

Answer: BRCA1

Flashcard 88: Ovarian cancer vaguely presents with _____, early satiety, abdominal/pelvic pain, and urinary frequency/urgency

Answer: bloating

Flashcard 89: What gynaecological disorder is a risk factor for ectopic pregnancy? _____

Answer: Endometriosis

Flashcard 90: What is the initial investigation for ectopic pregnancy? _____

Answer: Urine pregnancy test

Extra: Diagnostic algorithm for Ectopic Pregnancy: 1. **Initial/Best screening test:** Urine Pregnancy Test (UPT). If negative, ectopic is highly unlikely. 2. **Next step/Investigation of choice:** Transvaginal Ultrasound (TVS). 3. **Gold standard:** Laparoscopy (usually reserved for treatment or hemodynamically unstable patients). 4. **Bio-chemical marker:** Serial serum beta-hCG (failure to double in 48 hours).