Gynaecology — Flashcards

Flashcard 41: What is the first-line management of endometrial cancer for patients who do NOT wish to preserve fertility? _____

Answer: TAH + BSO ± pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy, adjuvant radiotherapy or/and chemotherapy

Flashcard 42: What is the most common gynaecological cancer in the UK? _____

Answer: Endometrial cancer

Flashcard 43: _____ cancer is a malignant tumour arising from the inner lining of the uterus (endometrium)

Answer: Endometrial

Flashcard 44: Increased risk of endometrial cancer is associated with unopposed _____ exposure

Answer: oestrogen

Flashcard 45: _____ is the most common risk factor for endometrial cancer by increased peripheral aromatization of androgens to estrogens in adipose tissue

Answer: Obesity

Flashcard 46: HRT in individuals with a uterus must include progesterone to ↓ risk of _____ cancer

Answer: endometrial

Flashcard 47: _____ stimulates endometrial cell proliferation during the proliferative phase, while progesterone counteracts this by promoting differentiation in the secretory phase

Answer: Oestrogen

Flashcard 48: _____ staging is used for endometrial cancer and is determined after surgical staging (TAH + BSO +/- lymphadenectomy)

Answer: FIGO

Extra: Endometrial cancer is **surgically staged** (FIGO). This typically involves TAH + BSO + pelvic/para-aortic lymphadenectomy + peritoneal washings. Contrast this with: - **Cervical Cancer:** Traditionally clinically staged (though 2018 FIGO allows staging based on imaging and pathology). - **Ovarian Cancer:** Surgically staged.

Flashcard 49: Refer on the suspected cancer pathway referral for patients ≥ _____ years old with postmenopausal bleeding for endometrial cancer

Answer: 55

Flashcard 50: ~_____% of postmenopausal women experience vulvovaginal symptoms

Answer: 50