Gynaecology — Flashcards

Flashcard 31: _____parity increases risk of endometrial cancer

Answer: Nulli

Flashcard 32: _____ stimulates endometrial cell proliferation during the proliferative phase, while progesterone counteracts this by promoting differentiation in the secretory phase

Answer: Oestrogen

Flashcard 33: Endometrial cancer type I = oestrogen-_____ ~85% Endometrial cancer type II = oestrogen-independent

Answer: dependent

Flashcard 34: Advanced-stage or bulky endometrial cancer may present with _____ on bimanual palpation

Answer: enlarged, irregular uterus

Flashcard 35: _____ is the most potent risk factor for endometrial cancer by causing unopposed estrogen without progesterone opposition

Answer: Anovulation

Flashcard 36: What is the most common histological type of endometrial cancer?\n_____

Answer: Endometrioid adenocarcinoma (~80-90%) >>> serous > clear cell > mucinous

Flashcard 37: _____ staging is used for endometrial cancer and is determined after surgical staging (TAH + BSO +/- lymphadenectomy)

Answer: FIGO

Extra: Endometrial cancer is **surgically staged** (FIGO). This typically involves TAH + BSO + pelvic/para-aortic lymphadenectomy + peritoneal washings. Contrast this with: - **Cervical Cancer:** Traditionally clinically staged (though 2018 FIGO allows staging based on imaging and pathology). - **Ovarian Cancer:** Surgically staged.

Flashcard 38: What is the first-line imaging for suspected endometrial cancer? _____

Answer: Transvaginal US

Flashcard 39: Endometrial cancer typically affects _____menopausal women

Answer: post

Flashcard 40: What is the first-line management of endometrial cancer for patients who do NOT wish to preserve fertility? _____

Answer: TAH + BSO ± pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy, adjuvant radiotherapy or/and chemotherapy