General Surgery — Flashcards

Flashcard 821: Breast cancers with hormone receptors are treated with hormonal therapy for _____ after diagnosis

Answer: 5-10 years

Extra: Current guidelines recommend at least 5 years of adjuvant endocrine therapy (e.g., Tamoxifen or Aromatase Inhibitors). Extended therapy (up to 10 years) is often considered for patients with high-risk features to further reduce the risk of late recurrence.

Flashcard 822: Women aged ≥50 should have an _____ referral for the breast if they have: An unexplained breast or axilla lump or discharge, retraction, other changes of concern in one nipple only

Answer: suspected cancer pathway

Flashcard 823: Anyone with _____ suggestive of breast cancer should have a suspected cancer pathway referral

Answer: skin changes

Flashcard 824: Women < 30 with an unexplained breast lump with or without pain should be considered for a _____ referral

Answer: non-urgent

Flashcard 825: Radiotherapy for breast cancer is indicated for women who have recieved _____ surgery or a mastectomy if the cancer is node-positive or T3-T4

Answer: breast-conserving

Flashcard 826: Herceptin (Trastuzumab) is used with caution in patients with a history of _____

Answer: heart conditions

Flashcard 827: Breast cancer where tumour emboli block the dermal lymphatic drainage causing oedematous breasts is called _____ breast cancer

Answer: inflamatory

Flashcard 828: Mastitis commonly occurs in women who are _____

Answer: lactating/breastfeeding

Flashcard 829: Women aged ≥30 should have an _____ referral for the breast if they have: An unexplained breast or axilla lump

Answer: suspected cancer pathway

Flashcard 830: Patient's with early & locally advanced invasive breast cancer need pre-treatment _____ before surgery

Answer: axillary ultrasound