General Surgery UK Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master General Surgery with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
General Surgery Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 811:
The primary cause of cataracts are _____
Answer: normal ageing process (more commonly in patients > 80 yrs)
Flashcard 812:
_____ accelerates cataract formation because of chronic hyperglycaemia
Answer: Diabetes mellitus
Flashcard 813: What is the management if you suspect a congenital cataract?
_____
Answer: Immediate referral for prompt surgery & identification of underlying cause
Flashcard 814: Risk factors for cataracts:
_____
Smoking
Prolonged UV-B radiation (light)
Long-term corticosteroids
Answer: Ageing
Flashcard 815: Patients with cataracts may describe seeing _____ around lights
Answer: haloes
Flashcard 816: What is the management of acute angle closure glaucoma IF emergency opthalmic admission is NOT possible:
- _____
- Pilocarpine drops (1 drop of 2% for blue eyes, 4% in brown eyes)
- 500mg PO acetazolamide
- Analgesia
- Anti-emetic if required
Answer: Lie flat, face up, no pillows
Flashcard 817: What are the primary indications/considerations for cataract surgery?
Answer: The decision is primarily patient-centered, focusing on visual impairment and lifestyle impact. (NICE guidelines)
Extra: Indications for cataract surgery include:
1. Patient's quality of life (QOL) is affected by visual impairment.
2. Patient desires surgery after being informed of risks and benefits.
3. Clinical reasons (e.g., lens-induced glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy management).
Cataract surgery is not mandatory just because a cataract is present; functional impairment is the key driver.
Flashcard 818:
Extended _____ is a risk factor for cataracts
Answer: corticosteroids use
Flashcard 819: If primary open-angle glaucoma is suspected, the patient should be referred to an _____.
Answer: Ophthalmologist
Extra: Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG) is characterized by increased intraocular pressure (usually >21 mmHg), optic nerve cupping, and visual field defects. Definitive diagnosis and management require specialist evaluation with tonometry, gonioscopy, and perimetry.
Flashcard 820: Otitis externa may have a non-infectious cause such as:
_____
OR
eczema → eczematous otitis externa (e.g. secondary to topical abx)
Answer: seborrheic dermatitis → seborrheic otitis externa
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