General Surgery — Flashcards

Flashcard 791: What are the primary indications/considerations for cataract surgery?

Answer: The decision is primarily patient-centered, focusing on visual impairment and lifestyle impact. (NICE guidelines)

Extra: Indications for cataract surgery include: 1. Patient's quality of life (QOL) is affected by visual impairment. 2. Patient desires surgery after being informed of risks and benefits. 3. Clinical reasons (e.g., lens-induced glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy management). Cataract surgery is not mandatory just because a cataract is present; functional impairment is the key driver.

Flashcard 792: What is the management of acute angle closure glaucoma IF emergency opthalmic admission is NOT possible: - _____ - Pilocarpine drops (1 drop of 2% for blue eyes, 4% in brown eyes) - 500mg PO acetazolamide - Analgesia - Anti-emetic if required

Answer: Lie flat, face up, no pillows

Flashcard 793: Definitive management of acute angle closure glaucoma: _____

Answer: Laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI)

Flashcard 794: Patients with cataracts may describe seeing _____ around lights

Answer: haloes

Flashcard 795: The main presentation of cataracts is the _____

Answer: gradual & painless decline in vision

Flashcard 796: Otitis externa can cause _____ hearing loss

Answer: conductive

Flashcard 797: Patients with otitis externa which fails to respond to topical ABX should have a _____ and be referred to ENT

Answer: MC&S swab

Flashcard 798: Uveitis may present with conjunctival redness and _____, which is the accumulation of pus in the anterior chamber

Answer: hypopyon

Flashcard 799: _____ is a progressive optic neuropathy characterised by structural damage to the optic nerve & corresponding visual field loss, most often associated with elevated intraocular pressure

Answer: Glaucoma

Flashcard 800: Characteristic clinical signs of blepharitis are burning, itching, erythema, & crusting of the eyelids worse in the _____

Answer: mornings