General Surgery — Flashcards

Flashcard 451: Diabetic retinopathy presents _____ until later stages, then irreversible significant visual impairment occurs

Answer: asymptomatically

Flashcard 452: Circumferential, full-thickness burns can result in eschar formation that can lead to _____ syndrome

Answer: acute compartment

Flashcard 453: What is the most common sub-type of melanoma? _____

Answer: Superficial spreading melanoma

Flashcard 454: Irregular, hyperpigmented macule on the sole or palm in an elderly patient. Spot diagnosis = _____

Answer: Melanoma (acral lentiginous)

Flashcard 455: The tumor marker used for screening/identifying _____ is S100.

Answer: Melanoma

Extra: S100 is highly sensitive for Melanoma but has low specificity (also positive in neural tumors). More specific markers include HMB-45 and Melan-A (MART-1).

Flashcard 456: Increased risk of what type of skin cancer is most commonly associated with photochemotherapy (PUVA)? _____

Answer: Squamous cell carcinoma

Extra: While PUVA increases the risk of both SCC and BCC, the relative risk increase is much higher for Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC). Protective measures and monitoring are essential for patients undergoing long-term PUVA therapy.

Flashcard 457: Heat stroke is generally categorised into _____ and exertional heat stroke

Answer: classical heat stroke (non-exertional)

Flashcard 458: Acne vulgaris tends to affect _____

Answer: teens

Flashcard 459: _____ is the biggest risk factor for squamous cell carcinoma

Answer: Cumulative UV exposure

Flashcard 460: A course of treatment for acne vulgaris should last _____ for it to be "completed"

Answer: 12 weeks