General Surgery — Flashcards

Flashcard 451: Diabetic retinopathy presents _____ until later stages, then irreversible significant visual impairment occurs

Answer: asymptomatically

Flashcard 452: _____ is a chronic, progressive microvascular disease that damages the retinal vessels due to chronic hyperglycaemia

Answer: Diabetic retinopathy

Flashcard 453: Circumferential, full-thickness burns can result in eschar formation that can lead to _____ syndrome

Answer: acute compartment

Flashcard 454: What is the most common sub-type of melanoma? _____

Answer: Superficial spreading melanoma

Flashcard 455: Spot diagnosis = _____

Answer: Melanoma (acral lentiginous)

Flashcard 456: Irregular, hyperpigmented macule on the sole or palm in an elderly patient. Spot diagnosis = _____

Answer: Melanoma (acral lentiginous)

Flashcard 457: The tumor marker used for screening/identifying _____ is S100.

Answer: Melanoma

Extra: S100 is highly sensitive for Melanoma but has low specificity (also positive in neural tumors). More specific markers include HMB-45 and Melan-A (MART-1).

Flashcard 458: Melanoma is often driven by activating mutations in _____ kinase

Answer: BRAF

Flashcard 459: Spot diagnosis = _____

Answer: Melanoma (superficial spreading)

Flashcard 460: Spot diagnosis = _____

Answer: Melanoma (lentigo maligna)