General Surgery — Flashcards

Flashcard 441: Tractional retinal detachment can be caused by _____ retinopathy

Answer: proliferative diabetic

Flashcard 442: _____ diabetic retinopathy is characterised by leakage of blood from damaged capillaries, resulting in haemorrhages and macular oedema

Answer: Nonproliferative

Flashcard 443: Rivaroxaban is a direct factor _____ inhibitor

Answer: Xa

Flashcard 444: Dabigatran is a direct factor _____ inhibitor

Answer: IIa (thrombin)

Flashcard 445: Apixaban is a direct factor _____ inhibitor

Answer: Xa

Flashcard 446: Screening for diabetic retinopathy: - T1DM: _____ - T2DM: At diagnosis, then annually from age 12

Answer: Annual screening from age 12

Extra: In the UK (NHS), screening is offered to all patients with diabetes aged 12 and over. Note that T2DM patients require screening at diagnosis as they may have had the disease for years, whereas T1DM typically starts screening 5 years after diagnosis or at puberty/age 12.

Flashcard 447: _____ is the leading cause of sight impairment in the working-age population.

Answer: Diabetic retinopathy

Flashcard 448: _____ is a retinal damage caused by chronic hyperglycemia

Answer: Diabetic retinopathy

Flashcard 449: Why is screening important in diabetic retinopathy?\n_____

Answer: Patients are asymptomatic until later stages. Screening allows detection of early disease, where it can be prevented from progressing to vision loss.

Flashcard 450: _____ is a chronic, progressive microvascular disease that damages the retinal vessels due to chronic hyperglycaemia

Answer: Diabetic retinopathy