General Surgery — Flashcards

Flashcard 421: Prasugrel works by _____ which stops platelet activation and aggregation

Answer: irreversibly blocking the P2Y12 ADP receptor

Flashcard 422: What is the mechanism of action for unfractionated heparin? _____

Answer: Binds to antithrombin III, causing indirect inhibition of factors IIa (thrombin) and Xa

Flashcard 423: Ticagrelor works by _____ which stops platelet activation and aggregation

Answer: reversibly blocking the P2Y12 ADP receptor

Flashcard 424: The reversal agent of low molecular weight heparin is _____

Answer: IV protamine sulfate

Extra: Note: Protamine sulfate completely neutralizes Unfractionated Heparin (UFH) but only partially neutralizes (approx. 60-80%) the anti-Xa activity of Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH).

Flashcard 425: Patients taking DOACs undergoing surgery with a high-risk of bleeding should stop taking the DOAC _____ prior to surgery.

Answer: 48 hours

Extra: For DOACs (Apixaban, Rivaroxaban, Edoxaban, Dabigatran): - Low bleed risk surgery: Stop 24 hours before. - High bleed risk surgery: Stop 48 hours before. - Note: Dabigatran may require longer cessation (up to 96 hours) if CrCl < 50 mL/min. - Warfarin usually requires 5 days cessation. DOACs have much shorter half-lives.

Flashcard 426: The reversal agent of rivaroxaban is _____

Answer: andexanet alfa (Andexxa)

Flashcard 427: The reversal agent of dabigatran is _____

Answer: Idarucizumab (Praxbind)

Flashcard 428: Vision loss from _____ diabetic retinopathy may result from macular oedema

Answer: nonproliferative

Flashcard 429: Vision loss from _____ diabetic retinopathy may result from complications (macular oedema, vitreous haemorrhage, tractional retinal detachment, neovascular glaucoma)

Answer: proliferative

Flashcard 430: The reversal agent of apixaban is _____

Answer: andexanet alfa (Andexxa)