General Surgery UK Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master General Surgery with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
General Surgery Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 411: What is the mechanism of action for low molecular weight heparin?
_____
Answer: Indirect inhibition of Xa via activation of antithrombin III
Flashcard 412: Aspirin works by _____ inhibiting COX-1
Answer: irreversibly
Extra: Aspirin acetylates the active site of COX-1, leading to irreversible inhibition. Since platelets cannot synthesize new proteins, the effect lasts for the lifetime of the platelet (approx. 7–10 days).
Flashcard 413: If clopidogrel must be stopped for surgery, it should be stopped _____ prior
Answer: 7 days
Flashcard 414: If ticagrelor must be stopped for surgery, it should be stopped _____ prior
Answer: 5 days
Flashcard 415: Antiplatelet medication (e.g., Aspirin) should be continued through surgery if there is a high _____ risk (e.g., recent coronary stent).
Contrastingly, anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin) are the medications typically temporarily replaced by heparin bridging.
Answer: thrombosis
Extra: In surgical patients, Aspirin is often continued if the risk of a major adverse cardiac event (MACE) outweighs the risk of surgical bleeding. True 'bridging' with heparin is indicated for patients on long-term anticoagulation (Warfarin) with a high risk of thromboembolism (e.g., mechanical heart valves, high-risk AF).
Flashcard 416: The reversal agent of low molecular weight heparin is _____
Answer: IV protamine sulfate
Extra: Note: Protamine sulfate completely neutralizes Unfractionated Heparin (UFH) but only partially neutralizes (approx. 60-80%) the anti-Xa activity of Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH).
Flashcard 417: Prasugrel works by _____ which stops platelet activation and aggregation
Answer: irreversibly blocking the P2Y12 ADP receptor
Flashcard 418: If aspirin must be stopped for surgery, it should be stopped _____ prior
Answer: 7 days
Flashcard 419: Clopidogrel works by inhibiting _____ which stops platelet activation and aggregation
Answer: ADP binding to P2Y12 receptor
Flashcard 420: Unfractionated heparin should be stopped _____ prior to surgery
Answer: 6 hours
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