Rheumatology & Haematology — Flashcards

Flashcard 711: The diagnostic criteria for myeloma can be remebered using the SLiM CRAB mnemonic. A individual with _____ AND any 1 of the following has myeloma: ≥ Sixty % plasma cells in marrow Light chain ratio ≥100 ≥ 1 focal lesion ≥5mm on MRI HyperCalcaemia Renal impairment Anaemia: Hb <100 g/L or 20g below normal Bone involvement (lytic lesion, osteoporosis, pathological fractures)

Answer: clonal bone marrow plasma cells ≥10%

Flashcard 712: What are the 2 types of Bence-Jones proteins? _____

Answer: Lambda and Kappa

Flashcard 713: Which lymphoma classically presents with a bimodal age distribution, often affecting younger patients? \n_____

Answer: Hodgkin's lymphoma

Extra: Hodgkin Lymphoma typically shows a **bimodal age distribution**, with the first peak in young adults (ages 15–35) and a second peak in older adults (>55 years). In contrast, most Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas increase in incidence steadily with age.

Flashcard 714: Risk factors for Hodgkin's lymphoma include _____, immunosupression and 1st degree relative affected

Answer: EBV

Flashcard 715: Superior vena cava obstruction can rarely be caused by _____ of intravascular devices (e.g. central venous catheters, pacemaker leads, or dialysis catheter)

Answer: thrombosis

Flashcard 716: What is the diagnosis of a 40 year-old construction worker who felt a severe sudden back pain radiates down the back of the leg? _____

Answer: Herniated disc in the lumbar spine

Flashcard 717: The most common symptom from a herniated disc is _____

Answer: lower back pain

Flashcard 718: Herniated disc risk factors: A job that involves lots of _____ A job that involves lots of sitting (esp driving) Smoking Genetics & age (the usual)

Answer: lifting

Flashcard 719: What physical examination can test for herniated disc? _____

Answer: Straight leg test → +ve at 30-70° for lumbar disc herniation esp. roots L4-S1

Flashcard 720: The 2 main management options for superior vena cava obstruction are _____ and Chemotherapy &/or Radiotherapy

Answer: endovascular stenting