Rheumatology & Haematology — Flashcards

Flashcard 591: Rheumatoid arthritis has a peak incidence at _____-60 years

Answer: 30

Flashcard 592: Osteoarthritis more commonly affects _____

Answer: females

Flashcard 593: Systemic inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis dramatically increases _____ disease risk burden

Answer: cardiovascular

Flashcard 594: Hereditary haemochromatosis is _____

Answer: autosommal recessive

Flashcard 595: _____ BMI is a modifiable risk factor for osteoarthritis **bonus: why?

Answer: High

Extra: High BMI increases risk via two main mechanisms: 1. **Mechanical:** Increased loading and stress on weight-bearing joints (knees, hips). 2. **Metabolic:** Pro-inflammatory cytokines and **adipokines** (e.g., leptin) secreted by adipose tissue contribute to cartilage degradation.

Flashcard 596: A red flag symptom in rheumatoid arthritis is _____ stiffness/pain because it can lead to atlantoaxial subluxation

Answer: neck

Flashcard 597: When should you refer osteoarthritis for a joint replacement? _____

Answer: Substantial impact on QOL or non-surgical mx is ineffective/unsuitable

Flashcard 598: Rheumatoid arthritis can be _____ with rest **

Answer: worsened

Flashcard 599: Only take paracetamol & opioids for osteoarthritis if it is _____-term

Answer: short

Flashcard 600: What is the first-line imaging for osteoarthritis? _____

Answer: X-ray of joint