Rheumatology & Haematology — Flashcards

Flashcard 41: What can help distinguish Pseudogout from Gout?

Answer: • Chondrocalcinosis

Flashcard 42: What is the first-line investigation for suspected Paget’s disease of the bone?

Answer: Plain radiographs, which are usually diagnostic.

Flashcard 43: What are the antibodies used to diagnose Antiphospholipid syndrome?

Answer: • Anticardiolipin antibodies (IgG or IgM) • Lupus anticoagulant • Anti-β2 glycoprotein I antibodies (IgG or IgM)

Extra: Diagnosis of Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS) requires at least one clinical criterion (vascular thrombosis or pregnancy morbidity) and at least one laboratory criterion (positive results for one of these antibodies on two or more occasions at least 12 weeks apart).

Flashcard 44: What antibodies are used to test for SLE?

Answer: • ANA • Anti-dsDNA • Anti-Smith • Anti - Ro • Anti - La

Flashcard 45: Which condition usually spares the DIPs?

Answer: • Rheumatoid Arthritis

Flashcard 46: What does Dactylitis (Swelling of a whole digit) suggest?

Answer: • Psoriatic arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis

Flashcard 47: Most common causative organism of septic arthritis?

Answer: Staphylococcus aureus

Flashcard 48: Can Psoriatic arthropathy present before psoriatic skin lesions?

Answer: • Yes

Flashcard 49: What joints are most affected in OA?

Answer: • Weights-bearing joints (Knees, Hips) • Distal Interphalangeal joints (DIPs) • Proximal Interphalangeal joints (PIPs) • First Carpometacarpal joints (CMCs) • Lumbar and Cervical Spine

Flashcard 50: Does OA or RA get worse with use?

Answer: OA (Osteoarthritis)

Extra: • OA (Osteoarthritis): Pain worsens with use/activity and improves with rest. • RA (Rheumatoid Arthritis): Pain improves with use/activity and is worse after rest (morning stiffness).