Renal & Urology UK Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Renal & Urology with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Renal & Urology Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 61: How long is the course of Nitrofurantoin for uncomplicated UTI (cystitis) management?
Answer: 5 days (standard for uncomplicated cystitis)
Extra: Nitrofurantoin macrocrystals are typically given for 5 days for uncomplicated cystitis in women. A 3-day course is common for Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) or Fluoroquinolones, but not for Nitrofurantoin.
Flashcard 62: Should you perform a Urine culture or a Urine dipstick to diagnose a suspected UTI in women aged >65?
Answer: Urine culture (avoid dipstick)::In women >65, asymptomatic bacteriuria is common, making dipstick unreliable.
Extra: In older adults (women >65 and men >65), urine dipsticks have a high false-positive rate for confirming a symptomatic UTI due to the high prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria. Clinical guidelines (such as NICE or SIGN) recommend urine culture over dipstick if a UTI is suspected and testing is required. However, it is also important to note that asymptomatic bacteriuria should NOT be treated unless the patient is pregnant or undergoing urological procedures.
Flashcard 63: Urinalysis for IgA nephropathy reveals episodic _____ and RBC casts
Answer: haematuria
Flashcard 64: IgA _____ form in the mesangium causing glomerular injury in IgA nephropathy
Answer: immune complexes
Flashcard 65: Metabolic Alkalosis:
pH: _____
pCO2: ↑
HCO3-: ↑
Answer: ↑
Flashcard 66: Metabolic alkalosis urinary chloride:
<20 mmol/L = _____
>20 mmol/L = Chloride-Resistant
Answer: Chloride-Responsive
Flashcard 67: What is the management for IgA nephropathy?
_____
Targeted-release budesonide
Answer: ACEi or ARB for blood pressure
Flashcard 68: Acid-Base compensation:
_____ = Immediate
Respiratory compensation = Minutes-Hours
Renal compensation = Hours-Days
Answer: Blood Buffer
Flashcard 69: _____ is a glomerulonephritis that occurs 1-2 days after a URTI or gastrointestinal infection
Answer: IgA nephropathy (IgAN)
Flashcard 70: Metabolic acidosis can have a _____ anion gap when lost HCO3- is replaced by unmeasured anions
Answer: raised
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