Renal & Urology — Flashcards

Flashcard 431: Prostate cancer is _____ growing

Answer: slow

Flashcard 432: A patient with suspected BPH should do a _____ chart for in specialist assessment

Answer: urinary frequency-volume

Flashcard 433: Risk factors for benign prostatic hyperplasia: _____ Family history

Answer: Age (especially > 50 years)

Flashcard 434: Management of BPH initially involves _____

Answer: lifestyle advice

Flashcard 435: What symptom score can be used for benign prostatic hyperplasia?\n_____

Answer: IPSS

Flashcard 436: _____ typically presents with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) and smooth, enlarged prostate on examination

Answer: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

Flashcard 437: What are the pros & cons of radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer? Pros - Can have radiotherapy after surgery - Both are curative modalities - Single procedure Cons - _____ is common - Incontinence is common

Answer: Erectile dysfunction

Extra: Radical prostatectomy is more likely to cause urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction compared to radiotherapy. Radiotherapy is more likely to cause radiation proctitis or cystitis symptoms.

Flashcard 438: _____ germ cell tumors = elevated AFP and β-hCG Seminomatous germ cell tumors = only elevated β-hCG

Answer: Non-seminomatous

Flashcard 439: What is the management for metastatic prostate cancer disease? _____

Answer: Hormonal therapy → anti-androgen therapy, GnRH agonist or antagonist

Flashcard 440: What are Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms LUTS? _____

Answer: STORAGE Frequency Urgency Nocturia VOIDING Weak stream Intermittent stream Straining Emptying incompletey / post-micturition dribbling