Renal & Urology — Flashcards

Flashcard 161: Urinalysis in AKI showing leucocyte +, nitrite + and haematuria suggests _____

Answer: infective post-renal AKI with obstruction

Flashcard 162: _____ is a pH > 7.45 caused by a decreased concentration of H+

Answer: Alkalemia

Flashcard 163: Urinalysis in AKI showing haematuria, blood ++ suggests _____

Answer: Glomerulonephritis

Extra: Urinalysis in AKI: - Blood ++/RBC casts: Glomerulonephritis or Vasculitis. - Muddy brown casts: Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN). - Eosinophils: Acute Interstitial Nephritis (AIN). - Normal/Bland: Pre-renal or Post-renal (Obstruction).

Flashcard 164: AKI is urine output < _____ mL/kg/hour for > 6 hours

Answer: 0.5

Flashcard 165: Urinalysis in AKI showing blood +, protein +++, RBC casts suggests _____

Answer: glomerulonephritis

Flashcard 166: What needs to accompany eGFR to diagnose CKD Stages 1 & 2?

Answer: • Signs of kidney damage on other tests i.e. U&Es, proteinuria

Flashcard 167: _____ is a glomerulonephritis that occurs 1-3 weeks after group A β-haemolytic streptococcal infection

Answer: Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN)

Flashcard 168: Acute interstitial nephritis is a drug-induced type _____ hypersensitivity reaction that affects the renal interstitium and tubules

Answer: IV

Flashcard 169: What size stones are generally considered the upper limit for Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL)?

Answer: Stones < 2 cm in diameter (maximal dimension).

Flashcard 170: AKI may present with _____

Answer: oligouria or anuria