Renal & Urology — Flashcards

Flashcard 91: What is a cause of scrotal swelling which can be palpated as separate from the body of the testicle, also smooth and regular in character?

Answer: • Epididymal Cyst

Flashcard 92: Should you perform a Urine culture or a Urine dipstick to diagnose a suspected UTI in women aged >65?

Answer: Urine culture (avoid dipstick)::In women >65, asymptomatic bacteriuria is common, making dipstick unreliable.

Extra: In older adults (women >65 and men >65), urine dipsticks have a high false-positive rate for confirming a symptomatic UTI due to the high prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria. Clinical guidelines (such as NICE or SIGN) recommend urine culture over dipstick if a UTI is suspected and testing is required. However, it is also important to note that asymptomatic bacteriuria should NOT be treated unless the patient is pregnant or undergoing urological procedures.

Flashcard 93: What medication can cause Acute interstitial nephritis?

Answer: • Penicillin

Flashcard 94: Patient presents with oliguria, fever, joint pain, rash and eosinophilia. Diagnosis?

Answer: • Acute interstitial nephritis

Flashcard 95: How long is the course of Nitrofurantoin for uncomplicated UTI (cystitis) management?

Answer: 5 days (standard for uncomplicated cystitis)

Extra: Nitrofurantoin macrocrystals are typically given for 5 days for uncomplicated cystitis in women. A 3-day course is common for Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) or Fluoroquinolones, but not for Nitrofurantoin.

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Flashcard 100: What are examples of Loop Diuretics?

Answer: • Furosemide • Bumetanide