Neurology — Flashcards

Flashcard 691: What is the likely diagnosis in a child with a history of tetralogy of Fallot and recurrent sinusitis that presents with a two-week history of worsening morning headaches, fever, focal neurological deficits, and a recent first-time seizure? _____

Answer: Brain abscess

Flashcard 692: The most helpful non-invasive imaging modality to differentiate a brain abscess from a necrotic tumor is _____.

Answer: Diffusion-Weighted MRI (DWI)

Extra: On MRI: - **Brain Abscess:** Shows **restricted diffusion** (bright on DWI, dark on ADC) due to the high viscosity of pus. - **Necrotic Tumor:** Typically shows **facilitated diffusion** (dark on DWI, bright on ADC).

Flashcard 693: Triad of symptoms for a brain abscess are _____, focal neurological deficits, & fever

Answer: headaches (dull, constant, progressively worsening ± localised)

Flashcard 694: Which main cerebral artery (via its lenticulostriate branches) supplies the genu and posterior limb of the internal capsule? _____

Answer: Middle cerebral artery

Extra: Internal Capsule Blood Supply: - Anterior Limb: ACA (Recurrent artery of Heubner) and MCA (Lenticulostriate branches). - Genu: Primarily MCA (Lenticulostriate branches). - Posterior Limb: MCA (Lenticulostriate branches) and Anterior Choroidal Artery.

Flashcard 695: Patients with encephalitis & parotid gland swelling may suggest an underlying cause of _____

Answer: mumps

Flashcard 696: Viral encephalitis in neonates is more commonly caused by _____

Answer: HSV-2

Flashcard 697: Anxiety & excitement _____ essential tremors

Answer: exacerbates

Flashcard 698: How is essential tremor diagnosed? _____

Answer: Thorough history & examination to exclude other diagnosis

Flashcard 699: _____ is a chronic neurological disorder characterised by a bilateral action tremor, most commonly in the hands & forearms, without other neurological deficits

Answer: Essential tremor

Flashcard 700: HSV-1 is associated with _____ & frontal lobe encephalitis

Answer: temporal