Neurology — Flashcards

Flashcard 481: The most common level to have a herniated disc is _____

Answer: L5/S1

Flashcard 482: Patients with bacterial meningitis may be given _____ to avoid hearing loss

Answer: IV dexamethasone

Flashcard 483: _____ are a primary headache marked by unilateral, severe, throbbing pain lasting 4-72 hours

Answer: Migraines

Flashcard 484: What management can be used in raised ICP that works by causing vasoconstriction of cerebral arteries? _____

Answer: Controlled hyperventilation

Flashcard 485: Bacterial meningitis initial empiric antibiotics < 3 months = _____

Answer: IV cefotaxime + ampicillin

Flashcard 486: What is the initial step in management for suspected bacterial meningitis in a primary care setting? \n_____ (and administration of pre-hospital antibiotics if delayed)

Answer: Emergency transfer to hospital

Extra: In suspected meningococcal disease in the community, the UK NICE guidelines and other international protocols recommend immediate IM/IV Benzylpenicillin if there's a non-blanching rash and a delay in hospital admission, but the absolute first step is calling for an emergency ambulance.

Flashcard 487: What are the most common causes of viral meningitis? _____

Answer: Coxsackievirus, echovirus (enteroviruses) HSV (HSV2>1)

Flashcard 488: What is the management for bacterial meningitis without a non-blanching rash/septicaemia in primary care? _____

Answer: Emergency transfer to hospital without antibiotics unless urgent transfer is not possible (remote location or weather conditions)

Flashcard 489: _____ meningitis is the most common type of meningitis

Answer: Viral

Flashcard 490: Surgical management for a herniated disc typically involves _____.

Answer: Decompression and Discectomy (often via Laminectomy)