Neurology — Flashcards

Flashcard 241: During a seizure, _____, assess their airway, and place them in the recovery position afterwards

Answer: protect the patient

Flashcard 242: What is the first step in management of a patient with a first-time seizure that is actively seizing? _____

Answer: Manage ABCs THEN abort the seizure if > 5 minutes THEN assess VITAMINS

Flashcard 243: Following an epileptic seizure, the patient is generally restricted from driving for _____.

Answer: 12 months

Flashcard 244: Absence seizures anti-epileptic drugs 1st-line: _____ 2nd-line (alternatives): Valproate or Lamotrigine

Answer: Ethosuximide

Extra: Ethosuximide is the drug of choice for pure absence seizures. It works by blocking T-type Ca2+ channels in the thalamus. Valproate is the preferred alternative, especially if there are concomitant generalized tonic-clonic seizures.

Flashcard 245: Localised symptoms / aura to generalised tonic-clonic = _____ seizure

Answer: focal to bilateral tonic clonic

Flashcard 246: Epileptic patients should be reviewed at least _____ if they have a learning disability, drug-resistant epilepsy, ↑ risk of SUDEP, & more

Answer: once a year

Flashcard 247: "drop seizures" with sudden loss of muscle tone < 15 seconds = _____ seizure

Answer: atonic

Flashcard 248: What investigation may be used in epilepsy to investigate possible underlying structural abnormalities? _____

Answer: MRI

Flashcard 249: Focal seizures anti-epileptic drugs 1st-line: _____ 2nd-line: Carbamazepine

Answer: Lamotrigine or levetiracetam

Flashcard 250: What is the abortive management for status epilepticus? _____

Answer: Benzodiazepine