Neurology — Flashcards

Flashcard 111: What type of stroke can present with leg weakeness but not facial weakness or speech impairment?

Answer: • Anterior Cerebral Artery

Flashcard 112: Patient presents with Fever, Headache, Psychiatric Symptoms, Seizures, Focal Features (Personality changes, Aphasia) what is your diagnosis?

Answer: • Herpes Simplex Encephalitis

Flashcard 113: Ispilateral facial pain and temperature loss Contralateral Limb Pain, Temperature loss. Ataxia. Nystagmus Where is the lesion?

Answer: Lateral Medulla (Wallenberg Syndrome) Vascular supply: Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA)

Flashcard 114: What can a CN6 palsy be the first sign of?

Answer: Brain metastasis (due to increased intracranial pressure)

Extra: The abducens nerve (CN VI) is the thinnest cranial nerve and has the longest intracranial course. Because of this long course, it is highly susceptible to stretch or compression when intracranial pressure rises (e.g., from space-occupying lesions like metastases), making it a 'false localizing sign'.

Flashcard 115: What is the most appropriate medication to try and reduce the frequency of migraines in a woman of child bearing age?

Answer: • Propranolol

Flashcard 116: Lesion to which cranial nerve would likely cause vertical diplopia?

Answer: • Trochlear Nerve (CN IV) - This nerve controls the eye to move down-and out (superior oblique)

Flashcard 117: The most common causes of viral meningitis in adults?

Answer: enteroviruses (e.g coxsackievirus)

Flashcard 118: What are the MRI findings of HSV-1 encephalitis?

Answer: • Hyperintensity of the affected white matter and cortex • In the medial temporal lobes and insular cortex

Flashcard 119: What does sudden onset weakness and numbness which self-resolves suggest?

Answer: • TIA

Flashcard 120: What is the managment in suspected encephalitis?

Answer: • IV Aciclovir