Neurology — Flashcards

Flashcard 91: Besides Horner’s syndrome, what other signs can Pancoast tumours present with?

Answer: Shoulder pain and upper limb neurological signs

Flashcard 92: Where would Webers Test lateralise in Sensorineural hearing loss?

Answer: • Lateralises to the unaffected ear

Flashcard 93: Preferred antiplatelet for secondary prevention following stroke?

Answer: Clopidogrel

Flashcard 94: How would you describe a seizure where a man suddenly stares into space and is non-responsive, then repeatedly smacks his lips and appears to be chewing?

Answer: Focal impaired awareness seizure

Flashcard 95: What Cerebral Artery Stroke affects the Feet & Legs?

Answer: • Anterior Cerebral Artery Stroke

Flashcard 96: What is the drug of choice to manage vasogenic cerebral edema associated with a malignancy?

Answer: IV Dexamethasone

Extra: Steroids reduce vasogenic cerebral edema by targeting the blood-brain barrier (BBB) around tumors, thereby reducing vascular permeability.

Flashcard 97: Difference between Simple (Non-complex) and Complex focal seizures?

Answer: • Simple focal seizures (Non-complex): Awareness and consciousness are preserved. • Complex focal seizures: Characterized by impaired awareness (loss of consciousness/responsiveness) and often post-ictal amnesia. *Note: The ILAE 2017 classification now uses the terms 'Focal Aware' and 'Focal Impaired Awareness' instead of Simple/Complex.*

Flashcard 98: What does a headache exacerbated by Valsalva maneuvers (e.g., coughing, straining, or blowing into a syringe) indicate?

Answer: • Raised intracranial pressure (ICP) • Potential causes: Space-occupying lesion (SOL), Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH), or Chiari malformation • Initial investigation: CT Head (though MRI/MRV is often preferred for IIH/Chiari)

Flashcard 99: What are tongue fasciculations one of the signs of?

Answer: • Bulbar onset motor neuron disease

Flashcard 100: What part of the tongue does the Facial Nerve innervate?

Answer: • The anterior two-thirds of the tongue