Gastroenterology & Hepatology — Flashcards

Flashcard 771: _____ indicates right-sided colorectal cancer, whereas hematochezia is more common in distal/left-sided lesions.

Answer: Iron deficiency anemia/Occult blood

Extra: Left-sided lesions (descending/sigmoid) are more likely to cause change in bowel habits, obstruction, or hematochezia (bright red blood per rectum).

Flashcard 772: A 70 years old patient presents complaining of progressive dysphagia and weight loss. Past medical history is positive for GORD. She has a 40 pack year history of smoking. Barium swallow reveals asymmetric narrowing of the lumen. What is the most likely diagnosis?\n_____ (Bonus: What type?)

Answer: Oesophageal cancer

Flashcard 773: _____ of oesophagus = squamous cell carcinoma Lower 1/3rds of oesophagus = adenocarcinoma

Answer: Upper 2/3rds

Flashcard 774: What is the standard management for fit patients with locally advanced resectable esophageal cancer?\n_____

Answer: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by Oesophagectomy

Extra: The CROSS trial established neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy as the standard of care for both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, improving survival compared to surgery alone.

Flashcard 775: Rectal carcinoma resection REQUIRES a _____ distal clearance margin

Answer: 2cm

Flashcard 776: _____ cancer is the 4th most common type of cancer in the UK

Answer: Colorectal

Flashcard 777: Colorectal carcinoma is staged using the _____ scale or TNM

Answer: Duke's

Flashcard 778: What is the asymptomatic management of diverticular disease? _____

Answer: Increase fibre in diet

Flashcard 779: Diverticula most commonly forms in the _____ thus presenting with lower abdominal (mostly left-sided) pain

Answer: sigmoid colon

Flashcard 780: What investigations must be AVOIDED in acute diverticulitis? _____

Answer: Colonoscopy or barium enema