Gastroenterology & Hepatology — Flashcards

Colorectal carcinoma should be staged using a _____

Hint: investigation

What type of oesophageal cancer is associated with long-standing GORD? _____

Acute appendicitis can rarely occur in _____-sided colorectal carcinoma

_____ colorectal cancer is managed with a anterior resection

Hint: location

Colorectal carcinoma is staged using the _____ scale or TNM

Hint: traditional

_____ haemorrhoids are painful

_____ haemorrhoids = originate below the dentate line (prone to thrombosis & may be painful) Internal haemorrhoids = originate above the dentate line (generally painless)

_____ haemorrhoids are graded: Grade I: protrudes into the anal canal but does not prolapse Grade II: prolapse on straining but reduces spontaneously Grade III: prolapse on straining and requires manual reduction Grade IV: prolapsed and cannot be reduced

Hint: internal/external

What are the two main surgical options for rectal carcinoma?

_____ is the most common type of oesophageal cancer, associated with GORD/Barret's oesophagus