Gastroenterology & Hepatology — Flashcards

Flashcard 751: What type of oesophageal cancer is associated with long-standing GORD? _____

Answer: Adenocarcinoma

Flashcard 752: Colorectal cancer MAJOR risk factors are _____ & age

Answer: family history

Flashcard 753: _____ is a rare autosomal dominant condition which leads to the formation of 100s of polyps by 30-40yrs that inevitably turn into colorectal carcinoma

Answer: Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP)

Flashcard 754: Whether colon carcinoma surgery results in a stoma or _____ is an individual case

Answer: anastomosis

Flashcard 755: _____ haemorrhoids are graded: Grade I: protrudes into the anal canal but does not prolapse Grade II: prolapse on straining but reduces spontaneously Grade III: prolapse on straining and requires manual reduction Grade IV: prolapsed and cannot be reduced

Answer: Internal

Flashcard 756: Tenesmus can be a symptom of _____-sided colorectal carcinoma

Answer: left

Flashcard 757: What is the standard management for fit patients with locally advanced resectable esophageal cancer?\n_____

Answer: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by Oesophagectomy

Extra: The CROSS trial established neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy as the standard of care for both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, improving survival compared to surgery alone.

Flashcard 758: What is the investigation for locoregional staging of oesophageal cancer? _____

Answer: Endoscopic ultrasound

Flashcard 759: If an uncomplicated diverticulitis is refractory to treatment then it may suggest an _____

Answer: abscess

Flashcard 760: Colorectal cancers most commonly occur in the 1. _____ 2. Sigmoid 20% 3. Caecum + ascending colon 15%

Answer: Rectum 30%