Gastroenterology & Hepatology — Flashcards

_____ is the most common/characteristic symptom of oesophageal cancer

What are the most common types of oesophageal cancer? UK/Western world = _____ Developing world = Squamous cell carcinoma

What is the investigation of choice for suspected oesophageal cancer? _____

What is the investigation of choice for suspected colorectal carcinoma? _____

_____ colorectal cancer is managed with a left hemicolectomy

Hint: location

Colorectal carcinoma should be staged using a _____

Hint: investigation

_____ haemorrhoids are graded: Grade I: protrudes into the anal canal but does not prolapse Grade II: prolapse on straining but reduces spontaneously Grade III: prolapse on straining and requires manual reduction Grade IV: prolapsed and cannot be reduced

Hint: internal/external

Colorectal carcinoma is most commonly because of a _____ mutation

Hint: sporadic/genetic

Quick Interpretation: _____ [Credit: British Journal of General Practice]

Colorectal cancers most commonly occur in the 1. _____ 2. Sigmoid 20% 3. Caecum + ascending colon 15%