Gastroenterology & Hepatology UK Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Gastroenterology & Hepatology with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Gastroenterology & Hepatology Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 561: What is the investigation of choice for pancreatic cancer?
_____
Answer: High resolution CT scan
Flashcard 562: Advanced pancreatic cancer can present with _____ because of loss of exocrine function
Answer: steatorrhea
Flashcard 563: What is the general management approach for mechanical large bowel obstruction?
Answer: Surgical intervention (usually required for mechanical causes)
Extra: Initial management includes NPO, IV fluids, and NG decompression ('drip and suction'). However, unlike small bowel obstruction (SBO), most mechanical LBOs (e.g., malignancy, volvulus) require surgical or endoscopic intervention because the risk of perforation is high (especially if the ileocecal valve is competent).
*Note: Functional obstruction (Ogilvie Syndrome) is managed conservatively initially.*
Flashcard 564: Initial investigation for acute pancreatitis: _____
Answer: Serum amylase and lipase
Extra: Lipase is more specific than amylase and remains elevated longer. Routine CT scan is NOT required for diagnosis if clinical and biochemical criteria are met.
Flashcard 565: Should antibiotics be given for pancreatitis?
_____
Answer: Not routinely → potential indications are infected pancreatic necrosis
Flashcard 566:
~90% of pancreatic cancers are _____, most of which develop in the head of the pancreas
Answer: adenocarcinomas
Flashcard 567: The _____ score is a scoring system for severity & prognosis of pancreatitis
Answer: Glasgow
Flashcard 568: Causes of acute pancreatitis:
_____
Answer:
Idiopathic
Gallstones
Ethanol
Trauma
Steroids
Mumps (other viruses e.g. Cocksackie B)
Autoimmune (e.g. polyarteritis nodosa)
Scorpion sting
HYPERcalcaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, hyperchylomicronaemia
Hypothermia
ERCP
Drugs (azathiprine, mesalazine, didanosine, bendroflumethiazide, furosemide, pentamidine, steroids, sodium valproate)
Flashcard 569: _____ diagnosis should be considered if the patient has the following for ≥ 6 months:
Abdominal pain and/or
Bloating and/or
Change in bowel habit
Answer: Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Flashcard 570: Large bowel obstruction presents with abdominal pain, _____ and abdominal distenion
Answer: absolute constipation
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