Gastroenterology & Hepatology UK Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Gastroenterology & Hepatology with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Gastroenterology & Hepatology Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 561: Causes of acute pancreatitis:
_____
Answer:
Idiopathic
Gallstones
Ethanol
Trauma
Steroids
Mumps (other viruses e.g. Cocksackie B)
Autoimmune (e.g. polyarteritis nodosa)
Scorpion sting
HYPERcalcaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, hyperchylomicronaemia
Hypothermia
ERCP
Drugs (azathiprine, mesalazine, didanosine, bendroflumethiazide, furosemide, pentamidine, steroids, sodium valproate)
Flashcard 562:
What is the pharmacological management of irritable bowel syndrome?
Pain = _____
Diarrhoea = anti-diarrheal (e.g. loperamide)
Constipation = laxative (e.g. bulk-forming) → linaclotide 2nd-line
Answer: antispasmodic drug (e.g. Mebeverine, peppermint oil)
Flashcard 563: A patient presenting with large bowel obstruction may have a Family Hx of _____ and/or colorectal cancer
Answer: IBD
Flashcard 564: Initial investigation for acute pancreatitis: _____
Answer: Serum amylase and lipase
Extra: Lipase is more specific than amylase and remains elevated longer. Routine CT scan is NOT required for diagnosis if clinical and biochemical criteria are met.
Flashcard 565: Small bowel is considered dilated if > _____cm diameter
Answer: 3
Flashcard 566: What is the general management approach for mechanical large bowel obstruction?
Answer: Surgical intervention (usually required for mechanical causes)
Extra: Initial management includes NPO, IV fluids, and NG decompression ('drip and suction'). However, unlike small bowel obstruction (SBO), most mechanical LBOs (e.g., malignancy, volvulus) require surgical or endoscopic intervention because the risk of perforation is high (especially if the ileocecal valve is competent).
*Note: Functional obstruction (Ogilvie Syndrome) is managed conservatively initially.*
Flashcard 567:
Investigations for Irritable Bowel Syndrome?
FBC, CRP
_____
Coeliac serology (tissue transglutaminase antibodies)
Answer: Faecal calprotectin
Flashcard 568:
The cause of Irritable Bowel Syndrome is unknown and thought to be linked to _____-gut axis dysregulation as well as other factors
Answer: brain
Flashcard 569: > 90% of pancreatic cancers have a _____ mutation
Answer: KRAS
Flashcard 570:
What is the management of perforated large bowel obstruction?
_____ + IV antibiotics
Answer: Surgical
Keywords: Gastroenterology & Hepatology flashcards, medical flashcards, NEET PG preparation, USMLE Step 1 flashcards, Anki alternative, spaced repetition medical, OnCourse flashcards
