Gastroenterology & Hepatology UK Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Gastroenterology & Hepatology with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Gastroenterology & Hepatology Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 541: What is the management of first episode *C. difficile* infection?
_____ & Oral Vancomycin (or Fidaxomicin) for 10 days
Answer: Stop inciting antibiotics
Extra: According to current IDSA/SHEA guidelines, both **Oral Vancomycin** (125 mg QID) and **Fidaxomicin** are preferred over Metronidazole for the first episode of C. diff, regardless of severity (non-severe vs. severe). Metronidazole is now only used if the others are unavailable.
Flashcard 542: Patients with small bowel obstruction should be nil _____
Answer: by mouth
Flashcard 543: Pancreatic cancer is often diagnosed _____ as it tends to present non-specifically
Answer: late
Flashcard 544: Pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis involves autodigestion of pancreatic parenchyma by prematurely activated enzymes.
Two most common causes: _____
Mechanism of Hemorrhage: Elastase digests blood vessel walls, potentially leading to Grey Turner's sign (flank ecchymosis).
Mechanism of Fat Necrosis: Lipase breaks down peripancreatic fat, which then undergoes saponification with calcium.
Answer: Gallstones and Alcohol
Extra: Amylase and lipase are released into the bloodstream following acinar cell injury. Grey Turner's sign (flank) and Cullen's sign (periumbilical) indicate retroperitoneal hemorrhage and severe necrotizing pancreatitis.
Flashcard 545: What is the first-line investigation for hiatus hernia?
Answer:
Extra: Barium swallow is traditionally the first-line investigation for diagnosing a hiatus hernia as it clearly outlines the anatomy of the gastroesophageal junction. Endoscopy is also frequently performed but is less sensitive for small hernias.
Flashcard 546: What is the management for small bowel obstruction caused by hernias?
_____
Answer: 100% surgical
Flashcard 547: Risk factors for hiatus hernia included increased intra-abdominal pressure e.g. _____
Answer: obesity
Flashcard 548: Small bowel obstruction is managed with _____ to aspirate content for "decompression"
Answer: NG tube
Flashcard 549:
What are the most common causes of large bowel obstruction?
1st _____ ~60%
2nd Diverticular disease
Answer: Colorectal cancer
Flashcard 550: A patient presenting with large bowel obstruction may have a HPx of _____ and/or change in bowel habit
Answer: rectal bleeding
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