Endocrinology & Diabetes — Flashcards

Flashcard 41: What is the first-line investigation for suspected primary hyperaldosteronism?

Answer: Plasma aldosterone/renin ratio

Flashcard 42: Water deprivation test results for nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?

Answer: Low urine osmolality after fluid deprivation AND after desmopressin

Flashcard 43: What is Phaeochromocytoma?

Answer: • A rare catecholamine secreting tumour • Causes hypertension

Flashcard 44: What is the target systolic blood pressure in a patient with T2DM?

Answer: <130/80 mmHg (Target Systolic <130 mmHg)

Extra: According to recent clinical guidelines (ADA 2023/2024), the blood pressure target for patients with diabetes is <130/80 mmHg to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events and progression of chronic kidney disease.

Flashcard 45: What is the treatment for sick euthyroid?

Answer: • No treatment

Flashcard 46: HbA1c target for patients on a drug that may cause hypoglycaemia (e.g. sulfonylurea)?

Answer: 53 mmol/mol

Flashcard 47: Excess Parathyroid hormone results in excess....

Answer: Phosphate excretion

Flashcard 48: T2DM initial therapy: If metformin is contraindicated (and no risk of CVS, established CVD or heart failure)?

Answer: Choice of: - DPP-4 inhibitor - Pioglitazone - Sulfonylurea - SGLT-2 inhibitor

Flashcard 49: Which diabetes medication may have to be stopped in AKI due to risk of toxicity (but doesn’t usually worsen AKI itself)?

Answer: Metformin

Flashcard 50: What should be done to an Addison's patients steroid replacement during intercurrent illness?

Answer: • Double the glucocorticoids • Keep fludrocortisone the same *during illness the body usually increases cortisol production as a stress response