Endocrinology & Diabetes UK Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Endocrinology & Diabetes with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Endocrinology & Diabetes Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 31: What will the blood results show for an Addisonian crisis?
Answer:
• Low sodium
• High Potassium
• Low glucose
Flashcard 32: Interpretation if Cortisol is LOW (suppressed) after a High-dose dexamethasone suppression test and baseline ACTH is High?
Answer: Cushing disease (Pituitary adenoma) :: What happens to cortisol/ACTH?
Extra: In Cushing's Disease (Pituitary Source), ACTH is high (or high-normal), but the pituitary retains some sensitivity to feedback, so cortisol *suppresses* with a high dose of dexamethasone.
In Ectopic ACTH (e.g., Small Cell Lung Cancer), cortisol and ACTH both remain high even after high-dose dexamethasone because the tumor is completely autonomous.
Flashcard 33: If cortisol is high/normal after a low dose dexamethasone supression test, diagnosis?
Answer:
• Cushing's Syndrome
Flashcard 34: What is the likely diagnosis if Cortisol is Low and ACTH is Low after a Dexamethasone Suppression Test (or at baseline)?
Answer: Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency (Exogenous steroid use) :: Diagnosis?
Extra: In Cushing's syndrome (hypercortisolism) workup:
1. If Cortisol is HIGH after High-Dose DST + ACTH is HIGH -> Cushing Disease (Pituitary).
2. If Cortisol is HIGH after High-Dose DST + ACTH is LOW -> Adrenal Cushing's.
However, the prompt asks for LOW Cortisol AND LOW ACTH after a suppression test:
- This pattern (suppression of the axis) is seen in Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency, most commonly due to chronic exogenous steroid use leading to suppression of CRH and ACTH.
- Adrenal Cushing's (Back content original) would have HIGH cortisol (failure to suppress) and LOW ACTH.
Flashcard 35: What can corticosteroids do to glycaemic control?
Answer:
• They can worsen glycaemic control
• due to anti-insulin effects
• Can cause hyperglycaemia
Flashcard 36: What is the treatment for sick euthyroid?
Answer:
• No treatment
Flashcard 37: What is Phaeochromocytoma?
Answer:
• A rare catecholamine secreting tumour
• Causes hypertension
Flashcard 38: Water deprivation test results for nephrogenic diabetes
insipidus?
Answer: Low urine osmolality after fluid deprivation AND after
desmopressin
Flashcard 39: What are the typical blood test results in
osteogenesis imperfecta?
Answer: Calcium, PTH, ALP, and phosphate are usually NORMAL
Flashcard 40: Excess Parathyroid hormone results in excess....
Answer: Phosphate excretion
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