Endocrinology & Diabetes UK Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Endocrinology & Diabetes with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Endocrinology & Diabetes Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 31: What is the likely diagnosis if Cortisol is Low and ACTH is Low after a Dexamethasone Suppression Test (or at baseline)?
Answer: Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency (Exogenous steroid use) :: Diagnosis?
Extra: In Cushing's syndrome (hypercortisolism) workup:
1. If Cortisol is HIGH after High-Dose DST + ACTH is HIGH -> Cushing Disease (Pituitary).
2. If Cortisol is HIGH after High-Dose DST + ACTH is LOW -> Adrenal Cushing's.
However, the prompt asks for LOW Cortisol AND LOW ACTH after a suppression test:
- This pattern (suppression of the axis) is seen in Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency, most commonly due to chronic exogenous steroid use leading to suppression of CRH and ACTH.
- Adrenal Cushing's (Back content original) would have HIGH cortisol (failure to suppress) and LOW ACTH.
Flashcard 32: What is the recommended blood glucose monitoring in T1DM?
Answer:
• Atleast 4 times a day, including before each meal and before bed
Flashcard 33: If cortisol is high/normal after a low dose dexamethasone supression test, diagnosis?
Answer:
• Cushing's Syndrome
Flashcard 34: What type of diabetes medication is liraglutide?
Answer:
• GLP-1 analog
Flashcard 35: What will the blood results show for an Addisonian crisis?
Answer:
• Low sodium
• High Potassium
• Low glucose
Flashcard 36: T2DM initial therapy: If metformin is contraindicated + patient has a risk of CVD, established CVD or chronic heart failure then ....
Answer: SGLT-2 monotherapy
Flashcard 37: What is Phaeochromocytoma?
Answer:
• A rare catecholamine secreting tumour
• Causes hypertension
Flashcard 38: What is the treatment for sick euthyroid?
Answer:
• No treatment
Flashcard 39: HbA1c target for patients on a drug that may cause hypoglycaemia (e.g. sulfonylurea)?
Answer: 53 mmol/mol
Flashcard 40: What is the target systolic blood pressure in a patient with T2DM?
Answer: <130/80 mmHg (Target Systolic <130 mmHg)
Extra: According to recent clinical guidelines (ADA 2023/2024), the blood pressure target for patients with diabetes is <130/80 mmHg to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events and progression of chronic kidney disease.
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