Endocrinology & Diabetes — Flashcards

Chronic hyperglycaemia in the kidney causes glycation of the _____ leading it to become thicker, as well as stiffening the efferent arteriole. Together these cause the GFR to increase, leading to glomerular hypertrophy and eventually glomerulosclerosis

Hint: anatomy

_____ is an umbrella term for elevated serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, or all of them combined

Hypoparathyroidism that does not respond sufficiently to oral calcium and vitamin D (e.g. calcitriol) should be treated with _____

Chronic _____ can cause cataracts

Hint: electrolyte abnormality

A diabetic patient has an ACR >3.5 mg/mmol at their annual screening, what are the next investigatory steps? _____

Carpopedal spasm when taking a patients blood pressure is suggestive of what metabolic abnormality? _____

Diabetic nephropathy may present with _____ due to increased albumin in the urine

Hint: symptom

_____, a complication of autonomic diabetic neuropathy, may be managed with medications that promote gastric emptying

The first-line investigation for hyperlipidaemia is a _____

_____ can be given for painful diabetic neuropathy in patients who wish to avoid oral treatment