Endocrinology & Diabetes UK Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Endocrinology & Diabetes with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Endocrinology & Diabetes Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 21: What is the main cause of Primary Hyperparathyroidism?
Answer:
• Parathyroid Adenoma (85% of cases)
Flashcard 22: What can cause Hypercalcaemia? 2
Answer: Two conditions account for 90% of cases of hypercalcaemia:
1. Primary Hyperparathyroidism
2. Malignancy
- PTHrP from tumour e.g. squamous cell lung cancer
- Bone Mets
- Myeloma
* measuring parathyroid hormone level is ley
Flashcard 23: What can be the symptomatic features of primary hyperparathyroidism? 4
Answer:
• 'bones, stones, abdominal groans and psychic moans"
- Bone pain/fracture
- Renal Stones
- Peptic ulceration, nausea, constipation, anorexia
- Depression
*polydipsia, polyuria, pancreatitis, hypertension
Flashcard 24: What can cause postural hypotension + erectile dysfunction?
Answer:
• Diabetes
Flashcard 25: What do carcinoid tumours secrete?
Answer:
• bradykinin
• serotonin
• ACTH (pituitary hormone) -> Cushing syndrome signs
Flashcard 26: If Cortisol is Low after High dose dexamethasone supression test and ACTH is High?
Answer: Ectopic ACTH
E.G. Lung cancer
Flashcard 27: What is osteomalacia?
Answer:
• The softening of bones due to inadequate Vit D
Flashcard 28: What is the recommended blood glucose monitoring in T1DM?
Answer:
• Atleast 4 times a day, including before each meal and before bed
Flashcard 29: If Cortisol is Low after High dose dexamethasone supression test and ACTH is Low?
Answer: Adrenal Cushings (adrenal adenoma)
Flashcard 30: What are the Bone Profile Results of Osteomalacia?
Answer:
• Low calcium
• Low phosphate
• Raised ALP
• Raised PTH
*hypocalcaemia, hypophosphataemia due to impaired intestinal absorption. Raised ALP due to response of calcium absorption on bone
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