Endocrinology & Diabetes — Flashcards

Flashcard 151: What is the remission rate of Grave's disease following 12-18 months of anti-thyroid drug regimes? _____

Answer: ~50%

Flashcard 152: Pituitary adenomas can be categorised based on their size: ≤_____ mm = Microadenoma >10 mm = Macroadenoma

Answer: 10

Flashcard 153: _____ pituitary adenomas present with acromegaly (in adults) or gigantism (in childhood)

Answer: Somatotroph

Flashcard 154: _____ uses a single dose of iodine-131 which emits beta rays to induce DNA damage causing death of thyroid tissue

Answer: Radioactive iodine ablation

Flashcard 155: _____ is used in thyroid storm to inhibit thyroid hormone synthesis and peripheral conversion of T4 to T3.

Answer: Propylthiouracil (PTU)

Extra: PTU has a dual mechanism: 1. Inhibits Thyroid Peroxidase (TPO): blocks synthesis. 2. Inhibits 5'-deiodinase: blocks peripheral conversion of T4 to the more active T3. Note: Methimazole only inhibits synthesis.

Flashcard 156: _____ pituitary adenomas are also known as Cushing's disease

Answer: Corticotroph

Flashcard 157: _____ pituitary adenomas present with galactorrhea and amenorrhea in women

Answer: lactotroph (prolactinoma)

Flashcard 158: What is the gold-standard imaging investigation for pituitary adenomas?

Answer: MRI sella with IV contrast

Flashcard 159: _____ are the first-line management of symptomatic prolactinomas of the pituitary gland

Answer: Dopamine agonists (e.g. cabergolin, bromocriptine)

Flashcard 160: Diagnosis of thyroid storm is based on _____

Answer: clinical features