Cardiology UK Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Cardiology with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Cardiology Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 351: Rate control for atrial fibrillation:
1st line = _____
2nd line = rate limiting CCB (verapamil or diltiazem)
3rd line = digoxin if the patient does little/no exercise
Answer: beta blocker
Flashcard 352: What types of atrial fibrillation are given anticoagulation?
_____
Answer: All groups even if they are not currently in AF
Flashcard 353: What is the management of constrictive pericarditis?
_____
Answer: Diuretics; then Pericardiectomy
Flashcard 354: What is the management for atrial fibrillation if rate control or rhythm control is not an option?
_____
Answer: Catheter ablation
Flashcard 355: Bloods for myocarditis may show ↑ CRP, _____ cardiac enzymes (troponin), & ↑ BNP
Answer: ↑
Flashcard 356: What is the diagnostic investigation for myocarditis?
_____
Answer: Biopsy but this is very risky, so not often done
Echocardiogram may be done to differentiate pericarditis vs myocarditis
Flashcard 357: A 34 year-old patient presents with 2 weeks of fever and URTI. He is fatigued with chest pain and dyspnoea. On investigation there are ↑ troponins. What is the most likely diagnosis?
_____
Answer: Myocarditis
Flashcard 358: CHA2DS2-VASc score and Anticoagulation (Non-valvular AF):
Score 0 (males) or 1 (females): _____
Score 1 (males): Consider anticoagulation
Score ≥2 (males) or ≥3 (females): Offer/Recommend anticoagulation
Answer: No anticoagulation
Extra: C: CHF (1)
H: HTN (1)
A2: Age ≥75 (2)
D: Diabetes (1)
S2: Stroke/TIA/Thromboembolism (2)
V: Vascular disease (1)
A: Age 65-74 (1)
Sc: Sex category (Female = 1)
Flashcard 359: Constrictive pericarditis may also occur after _____ surgery
Answer: open heart
Flashcard 360: What investigation can be done to differentiate between myocarditis & pericarditis?
Answer: Echocardiography helps differentiate them:
- **Myocarditis:** Shows wall motion abnormalities and decreased systolic function (EF).
- **Pericarditis:** Shows normal ventricular function, though a pericardial effusion may be present.
- *Note:* Cardiac MRI is the gold standard for myocarditis, but Echo is the primary initial differentiator in clinical practice.
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