Cardiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 351: Pharmacological rhythm control for atrial fibrillation: 1st line = _____ 2nd line = Flecainide (contraindicated in structural heart disease)

Answer: Amiodarone

Flashcard 352: In _____ atrial fibrillation there is continuous atrial fibrillation which cannot be cardioverted

Answer: permanent

Flashcard 353: What additional heart condition often develops in patients with mitral stenosis? _____

Answer: Atrial fibrillation

Flashcard 354: The most common ischaemic cause of acute mitral regurgitation is _____

Answer: myocardial infarction

Flashcard 355: The target INR for a _____ mitral valve is 2.5-3.5

Answer: mechanical

Extra: For native mitral stenosis with atrial fibrillation or prior systemic embolism, the target INR is 2.0-3.0. The higher range (2.5-3.5) is reserved for mechanical mitral prostheses.

Flashcard 356: ECG with an _____ pulse and absent P waves is characteristic of atrial fibrillation

Answer: irregularly, irregular

Flashcard 357: _____ are contraindicated in pregnancy

Answer: ACE inhibitors & ARB

Flashcard 358: What is the management of asymptomatic mitral stenosis? _____

Answer: Active monitoring with regular echocardiogram

Flashcard 359: A CXR may show _____ in mitral stenosis

Answer: left atrial enlargement

Flashcard 360: A 30 year old immigrant presents with dyspnea, haemoptysis, and palpitations. A mid-diastolic murmur is heard loudest at the apex. What is the likely valve affected? _____

Answer: Mitral stenosis