Cardiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 341: What is the diagnostic investigation for myocarditis? _____

Answer: Biopsy but this is very risky, so not often done Echocardiogram may be done to differentiate pericarditis vs myocarditis

Flashcard 342: A 34 year-old patient presents with 2 weeks of fever and URTI. He is fatigued with chest pain and dyspnoea. On investigation there are ↑ troponins. What is the most likely diagnosis? _____

Answer: Myocarditis

Flashcard 343: What is the management of constrictive pericarditis? _____

Answer: Diuretics; then Pericardiectomy

Flashcard 344: What is the management for atrial fibrillation if rate control or rhythm control is not an option? _____

Answer: Catheter ablation

Flashcard 345: CHA2DS2-VASc Mnemonic: C_____ Hypertension A2 – Age >75 (Scores 2) Diabetes S2 – Stroke or TIA previously (Scores 2) Vascular disease Age 65-74 Sex (female)

Answer: ongestive heart failure

Flashcard 346: What are the initial investigations for myocarditis? _____

Answer: Bloods, ECG, & CXR

Flashcard 347: The prognosis of myocarditis is typically _____, but it can cause heart failure, sudden death from arrhythmia, and/or dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer: good

Flashcard 348: A patient presents complaining of dyspnoea. Physical exam reveals Kussmaul sign and a pericardial knock on heart auscultation. What is the most likely diagnosis? _____

Answer: Constrictive pericarditis

Flashcard 349: CHA2DS2-VASc score and Anticoagulation (Non-valvular AF): Score 0 (males) or 1 (females): _____ Score 1 (males): Consider anticoagulation Score ≥2 (males) or ≥3 (females): Offer/Recommend anticoagulation

Answer: No anticoagulation

Extra: C: CHF (1) H: HTN (1) A2: Age ≥75 (2) D: Diabetes (1) S2: Stroke/TIA/Thromboembolism (2) V: Vascular disease (1) A: Age 65-74 (1) Sc: Sex category (Female = 1)

Flashcard 350: What investigation can be done to differentiate between myocarditis & pericarditis?

Answer: Echocardiography helps differentiate them: - **Myocarditis:** Shows wall motion abnormalities and decreased systolic function (EF). - **Pericarditis:** Shows normal ventricular function, though a pericardial effusion may be present. - *Note:* Cardiac MRI is the gold standard for myocarditis, but Echo is the primary initial differentiator in clinical practice.