Cardiology UK Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Cardiology with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Cardiology Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 311: Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy ejection systolic murmur _____ with squatting
Answer: decreases
Extra: Mechanism: Squatting increases both preload (venous return) and afterload (systemic vascular resistance). The increased left ventricular volume pushes the asymmetric septum away from the mitral valve, reducing the outflow obstruction and softening the murmur.
Flashcard 312: Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is due to an abnormally fast accessory conduction pathway from the atria to ventricle via the bundle of _____, which bypasses the slower AV node
Answer: Kent
Flashcard 313: What is the medical management of choice for symptomatic hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM)?
Answer: Beta-blockers (first-line), Verapamil (non-dihydropyridine CCBs), and Disopyramide. Avoid vasodilators and diuretics. Surgical options include septal myectomy or alcohol septal ablation.
Extra: Management of HOCM focuses on improving diastolic filling and reducing the outflow gradient.
1. **Beta-blockers:** Prolong diastole and decrease contractility.
2. **Calcium Channel Blockers (Verapamil):** Used if BBs are not tolerated.
3. **Avoid:** Nitrates, ACE inhibitors, Diuretics, and Digoxin (they worsen the obstruction by decreasing preload or increasing contractility).
4. **Septal Reduction:** For severe symptoms refractory to medical therapy.
Flashcard 314: Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy occurs in around 1 in _____
Answer: 500
Flashcard 315: Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome may result in re-entry circuit, causing supraventricular _____
Answer: tachycardia
Flashcard 316: _____ can cause QT prolongation, so an ECG must be performed before administering
Answer: Azithromycin
Flashcard 317: A patient with atrial fibrillation for ≥ _____ hours or uncertain should be treated with rate control
Answer: 48
Flashcard 318: CXR for myocarditis may show _____
Answer: cardiomegaly/heart failure
Flashcard 319: Constrictive pericarditis may also occur after _____ surgery
Answer: open heart
Flashcard 320: _____ & hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are important differentials for acute chest pain in young, fit patients
Answer: Myocarditis
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