Cardiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 261: _____ is defined as systolic BP ≥ 180 or diastolic BP ≥ 120 mmHg.

Answer: Hypertensive crisis

Extra: According to AHA/ACC guidelines: - Normal: <120/80 - Elevated: 120-129 and <80 - Stage 1: 130-139 or 80-89 - Stage 2: ≥140 or ≥90 - Hypertensive Crisis: >180 and/or >120 (Urgency if no end-organ damage; Emergency if end-organ damage is present)

Flashcard 262: Patients with hypertension should be investigated with _____ for hypertensive retinopathy

Answer: fundoscopy

Flashcard 263: Hypertension is _____ unless severe

Answer: asymptomatic

Flashcard 264: Stage 1 hypertension clinic BP = ≥_____/90mmHg

Answer: 140

Flashcard 265: _____ hypertension is BP ≥180/120 -and- signs of retinal haemorrhage or papilloedema

Answer: Accelerated (malignant)

Flashcard 266: Stage 2 hypertension ABPM/HBPM = ≥_____/95mmHg

Answer: 150

Flashcard 267: _____ is a class III antiarrhythmic drug that can cause hyper- and hypothyroidism

Answer: Amiodarone

Flashcard 268: What ECG abnormality may be found in patients with _____? Shortened QT interval

Answer: hypercalcaemia

Flashcard 269: Children of a parent affected by familial hypercholesterolaemia should be referred for _____ by the age of 10 years.

Answer: DNA/genetic testing

Extra: NICE guidelines recommend that children at risk of Familial Hypercholesterolaemia (FH) should be offered a DNA test by age 10 if a mutation has been identified in the affected parent. If the mutation is unknown, a lipid profile (LDL-C) should be used for assessment.

Flashcard 270: _____ is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the LDL-receptor protein

Answer: Familial hypercholesterolaemia