Cardiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 251: _____ is defined as systolic BP ≥ 180 or diastolic BP ≥ 120 mmHg.

Answer: Hypertensive crisis

Extra: According to AHA/ACC guidelines: - Normal: <120/80 - Elevated: 120-129 and <80 - Stage 1: 130-139 or 80-89 - Stage 2: ≥140 or ≥90 - Hypertensive Crisis: >180 and/or >120 (Urgency if no end-organ damage; Emergency if end-organ damage is present)

Flashcard 252: Hypertension complications: Heart = _____ Brain = stroke, vascular dementia Kidney = CKD Eye = Hypertensive retinopathy Vascular = Peripheral vascular disease

Answer: coronary artery disease, heart failure

Flashcard 253: _____ is defined as a persistently raised arterial blood pressure.

Answer: Hypertension

Extra: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, stroke, and chronic kidney disease. Primary (essential) hypertension accounts for ~95% of cases.

Flashcard 254: Stage 2 hypertension ABPM/HBPM = ≥_____/95mmHg

Answer: 150

Flashcard 255: _____ is a class III antiarrhythmic drug that can cause hyper- and hypothyroidism

Answer: Amiodarone

Flashcard 256: What ECG abnormality may be found in patients with _____? Shortened QT interval

Answer: hypercalcaemia

Flashcard 257: _____ is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the LDL-receptor protein

Answer: Familial hypercholesterolaemia

Flashcard 258: Statins should be discontinued in women _____ before conception

Answer: 3 months

Flashcard 259: The mainstay for primary prevention of hyperlipidaemia is _____

Answer: lifestyle advice

Flashcard 260: Untreated homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia is associated with early death due to _____

Answer: CHD