Cardiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 171: Murmur heard with Coarctation of Aorta?

Answer: Continuous or late systolic murmur (heard over the back)

Extra: In Coarctation of the Aorta, the murmur is often heard in the left infraclavicular area and the back (scapular region). It is typically systolic but can become continuous if the narrowing is severe or if there is extensive collateral circulation.

Flashcard 172: if an Angina patient is on monotherapy and cannot tolerate the addition of a calcium channel blocker or a beta-blocker then consider?

Answer: • Long-acting Nitrate (Isosorbide Mononitrate • Ivabradine • Nicorandil • Ranolazine

Flashcard 173: Beta-Blockers should not be prescribed concurrently with:

Answer: • Verapamil *Can increase risk of complete heart block

Flashcard 174: What is the main mechanism of simvastatin?

Answer: Inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase

Extra: Statins (like simvastatin) competitively inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in hepatic cholesterol synthesis. This leads to an upregulation of LDL receptors on the surface of hepatocytes, increasing the clearance of LDL from the plasma.

Flashcard 175: What is complete dissociation between P waves and QRS complexes a sign of?

Answer: • Complete Heart Block

Flashcard 176: When is secondary statin prevention indicated?

Answer: • When they've had an event already, and need to prevent a second event from happening again

Flashcard 177: Patient develops acute heart failure 5 days after a MI, new pan-systolic murmur is noted, diagonsis?

Answer: • Ventricular Septal Defect

Flashcard 178: How do you measure the QT interval on ECG?

Answer: • Time between start of the Q wave and the end of the T wave

Flashcard 179: What hypertension medication is contraindicated in asthmatics?

Answer: • Beta-blocker

Flashcard 180: What antibiotic would interact with statins?

Answer: • Clarithromycin (macrolide)